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Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
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Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
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Identifying Dysregulated Genes Induced by Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV)
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Published on: September 14, 2010

Oral malignancies associated with HIV.

Joel B Epstein1

  • 1Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois 60091, USA. jepstein@uic.edu

Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
|February 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Advances in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) management have improved survival and altered oral disease patterns. HIV increases oral cancer risk due to immunosuppression, viral factors, and carcinogen exposure, with variations based on transmission route and geography.

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Area of Science:

  • Oral pathology
  • Infectious diseases
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection management has advanced, impacting patient survival and oral health.
  • HIV is linked to a higher risk of malignant diseases, influenced by immunosuppression and viral activity.
  • Oral conditions in HIV-infected individuals have changed, necessitating updated understanding and care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology and risk factors for oral malignancies in persons with HIV.
  • To highlight the role of oral health care providers in early detection of oral lesions in HIV patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on oral diseases and malignancies in HIV-infected populations.
  • Analysis of factors influencing the prevalence and incidence of oral cancers in HIV.

Main Results:

  • HIV infection increases the risk of oral cancers, associated with factors like immunosuppression, viral co-infections, and carcinogen exposure.
  • The occurrence of oral malignancies in HIV patients varies geographically and by transmission route.
  • Behavioral, therapeutic, and genetic factors also influence oral cancer risk in this population.

Conclusions:

  • Oral health care providers play a crucial role in the early identification of oral malignancies in individuals with HIV.
  • Understanding the diverse factors contributing to oral cancer risk is essential for effective prevention and management strategies in HIV care.