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Tracheostomy: Procedure and Tubes

Tracheostomy: Procedure and Tubes

A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an artificial opening into the trachea, typically at the second or third cartilaginous ring level. This opening allows the insertion of a tracheostomy tube, which can replace an endotracheal tube, provide mechanical ventilation, bypass an upper airway obstruction, or remove accumulated tracheobronchial secretions.
Tracheostomy tubes can be made of semiflexible plastic (polyurethane or silicone), rigid plastic, or metal, and they come in...

Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen

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Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
Venturi Mask
The Venturi mask, named after the Venturi effect, is designed to deliver precise oxygen concentrations. It consists of a large tube with an oxygen inlet that narrows down, causing a pressure drop that pulls air in through adjustable side ports. The mask is a lightweight,...

Oxygen Delivering System III: Tracheostomy and T-piece

Oxygen Delivering System III: Tracheostomy and T-piece

Oxygen delivery is critical in clinical care, especially for patients with respiratory disorders or those undergoing surgical procedures. Various systems, such as tracheostomy and the T-piece, deliver oxygen to the lungs, ensuring adequate arterial oxygenation.
Tracheostomy
A tracheostomy is a surgically created opening (stoma) in the anterior part of the trachea. It is used to establish a patient airway, bypass an upper airway obstruction, simplify the removal of secretions, permit long-term...

Tracheostomy Decannulation

Tracheostomy Decannulation

Tracheostomy decannulation is a significant milestone in the liberation of mechanically ventilated patients. Despite its importance, there is no universally accepted protocol for this procedure. This demands an evidence-based, individualized approach.
Description of the Procedure
Decannulation refers to the permanent removal of the tracheostomy tube, signaling the resolution of the condition that initially necessitated the tracheostomy. The process requires a well-coordinated interplay between...

Tracheostomy Care II: Procedure

Tracheostomy Care II: Procedure

Tracheostomy care is an essential nursing skill that involves cleaning and maintaining a tracheostomy tube to prevent infection and other complications. Here's a step-by-step guide explaining each procedure with its rationale. Note that disposable gloves are to be worn at all times and changed as often as needed to maintain a sterile work environment, and to protect both patient and healthcare worker.
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene, and put on personal protective equipment: gown, gloves, mask and...

Tracheostomy Care I: Pre-procedural Steps

Tracheostomy Care I: Pre-procedural Steps

A tracheostomy is a surgical technique that involves making an incision in the neck to provide access to the trachea. It is frequently used in medical conditions such as airway obstruction and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Effective nursing management is crucial for the long-term success of a tracheostomy.
Required Equipment
The equipment necessary for tracheostomy care includes:

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Updated: Jul 7, 2026

A Novel Rescue Technique for Difficult Intubation and Difficult Ventilation

A Novel Rescue Technique for Difficult Intubation and Difficult Ventilation

Published on: January 17, 2011

[Tracheostomy in ventilated patients. What do we do it for?].

O Salcedo¹, F Frutos-Vivar

¹Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos y Grandes Quemados. Hospital Universitario de Getafe. CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias. Madrid. España.

Medicina Intensiva

|February 16, 2008

Summary

Tracheostomy is common in intensive care units, but evidence doesn't fully support its benefits over translaryngeal intubation. More research is needed to identify optimal patient selection and timing for tracheostomy procedures.

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Preoxygenation Techniques for Tracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Adults Utilizing Oxygen Mask and Noninvasive Ventilation

Preoxygenation Techniques for Tracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Adults Utilizing Oxygen Mask and Noninvasive Ventilation

Published on: December 5, 2025

Area of Science:

Critical Care Medicine
Surgical Procedures
Respiratory Therapy

Context:

Tracheostomy is increasingly performed in intensive care units (ICUs).
Percutaneous techniques and theoretical patient benefits (comfort, dead space, bronchial toilet, sedation) drive its use.
Current evidence for routine tracheostomy indication is insufficient.

Purpose:

To evaluate the evidence supporting tracheostomy versus translaryngeal intubation in ICUs.
To assess the impact of tracheostomy on patient outcomes.
To identify the need for further research on optimal tracheostomy timing and patient selection.

Summary:

Comparative studies suggest tracheostomy may reduce ICU mortality compared to translaryngeal intubation.
Tracheostomy does not significantly improve other outcomes like ICU length of stay, hospital length of stay, or hospital mortality.
Evidence is insufficient to definitively establish benefits or guide patient selection and timing for tracheostomy.

Impact:

Highlights the need for more rigorous studies to clarify the role of tracheostomy in critical care.
Informs clinical decision-making regarding tracheostomy procedures.
Guides future research priorities in mechanical ventilation and airway management.