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Related Concept Videos

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory organs,...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of Calcium Channel Blockers01:18

Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of Calcium Channel Blockers

Calcium ions are essential to contract smooth muscle cells in blood vessels. They enter these cells through voltage-dependent calcium channels, specifically L-type calcium channels in the cell membrane. These L-type calcium channels are integral to the excitation-contraction coupling process in smooth muscle. When a stimulus is received by smooth muscle cells, their membrane depolarizes. This alteration in membrane potential instigates the opening of L-type calcium channels. As a result,...
Vascular Spasm01:16

Vascular Spasm

The vascular phase, also known as vasospasm, is the initial stage of hemostasis, crucial for preventing excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. After a vessel is cut, nerves in the damaged area trigger pain and other sensory impulses. Simultaneously, the smooth muscles in the vessel wall contract, resulting in a vascular spasm. This contraction reduces the vessel's diameter at the injury site, slowing or stopping blood loss through the vessel wall. Vascular spasms typically last for...

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Isolation of Retinal Arterioles for Ex Vivo Cell Physiology Studies
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Pathophysiological implications of transient receptor potential channels in vascular function.

Ryuji Inoue1, Lin Hai, Akira Honda

  • 1Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan. inouery@fukukoka-u.ac.jp

Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension
|February 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Transient receptor potential channels are key regulators of vascular tone and remodeling. Understanding their role in calcium influx offers new therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases like hypertension.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Calcium (Ca) influx is crucial for vascular tone, remodeling, and neurohormonal control.
  • The specific molecular pathways for Ca influx in the vasculature remained largely unidentified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent discoveries on mammalian homologues of Drosophila transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins in vascular function.
  • To elucidate the role of TRP channels in vascular tone, remodeling, and associated diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on TRP channels in the vasculature.
  • Analysis of the functional characteristics and regulation of vascular TRP channels.

Main Results:

  • Vascular TRP channels function as Ca-permeable cation channels activated by vasoconstrictors, mechanical forces, and hypertrophic stimuli.
  • These channels regulate vascular resistance, blood pressure, and vascular tissue reorganization.
  • Imbalances in TRP channel expression and activity are linked to hypertension, vasospasm, atherosclerosis, and aneurysm.

Conclusions:

  • Vascular TRP channels are multifunctional and critical for regulating vascular functions.
  • Targeting TRP channels may lead to novel, selective calcium antagonists for treating diverse vascular diseases.