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Surface plasmon quantum cascade lasers as terahertz local oscillators.

M Hajenius1, P Khosropanah, J N Hovenier

  • 1Kavli Institute of NanoScience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands.

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Summary

This study presents a highly sensitive heterodyne receiver for terahertz frequencies. The novel design achieves the highest sensitivity reported beyond 2.5 THz, enabling advanced scientific measurements.

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Area of Science:

  • Terahertz (THz) technology
  • Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs)
  • Superconducting detectors

Background:

  • Heterodyne receivers are crucial for sensitive detection in the terahertz (THz) range.
  • Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) and hot electron bolometers are key components for THz heterodyne systems.
  • Improving receiver sensitivity at frequencies above 2.5 THz is essential for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize a novel heterodyne receiver utilizing a surface-plasmon waveguide quantum cascade laser (QCL) as a local oscillator.
  • To evaluate the performance of an Niobium Nitride (NbN) hot electron bolometer as the mixer component.
  • To determine the receiver noise temperature and assess its sensitivity at frequencies beyond 2.5 THz.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication and characterization of a surface-plasmon waveguide QCL emitting at 2.84 THz.
  • Integration of the QCL with an NbN hot electron bolometer mixer.
  • Measurement of the far-field pattern of the QCL and the overall receiver noise temperature.

Main Results:

  • The QCL exhibits a diffraction-limited far-field pattern with superimposed interference fringes.
  • A more directional beam from the QCL enhances radiation power coupling to the mixer.
  • A receiver noise temperature of 1050 K was achieved with the mixer operating at 2 K.

Conclusions:

  • The developed heterodyne receiver demonstrates superior performance at THz frequencies.
  • The design offers improved beam directivity for efficient power coupling.
  • This represents the highest sensitivity reported for receivers operating beyond 2.5 THz.