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Related Concept Videos

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Development of an Uncomplicated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Model Modified by Weight-Drop Method and Evidenced by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Development of an Uncomplicated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Model Modified by Weight-Drop Method and Evidenced by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: April 11, 2025

Predictors for traumatic brain injuries evaluated through accident reconstructions.

Svein Kleiven1

  • 1Royal Institute of Technology, School of Technology and Health, Alfred Nobels Allé 10, SE-141 52 Huddinge, Sweden. sveink@kth.se

Stapp Car Crash Journal
|February 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study analyzed NFL cases to identify predictors of mild traumatic brain injuries. Maximal pressure in gray matter and maximal principal strain were found to be significant injury predictors.

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Assessing Changes in Synaptic Plasticity Using an Awake Closed-Head Injury Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Development of an Uncomplicated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Model Modified by Weight-Drop Method and Evidenced by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
08:27

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Published on: April 11, 2025

Assessing Changes in Synaptic Plasticity Using an Awake Closed-Head Injury Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
09:49

Assessing Changes in Synaptic Plasticity Using an Awake Closed-Head Injury Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: January 20, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Neuroscience
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) pose significant risks, particularly in contact sports like American football.
  • Accurate prediction of mTBI requires understanding the complex biomechanics of head impacts and brain responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate available National Football League (NFL) cases to identify reliable predictors of mild traumatic brain injuries.
  • To compare various injury predictors using a validated finite element model of the human head.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a detailed finite element model of the human head, incorporating hyperelastic and viscoelastic brain material properties with varying stiffness.
  • Evaluated 8 tissue injury predictors across 6 brain regions and the whole brain.
  • Assessed 10 head kinematics-based predictors for correlation with injury, strain, and pressure.

Main Results:

  • Found statistical correlations between various measures (strain, strain rate, CSDM, strain energy density, pressure, von Mises stress) and injury in specific brain regions.
  • Maximal pressure in gray matter showed a higher correlation with injury than other measures.
  • Maximal principal strain accurately recreated an injury pattern from a motocross accident.

Conclusions:

  • Strain-based brain tissue injury predictors are sensitive to brain tissue stiffness parameters.
  • A combination of peak change in rotational velocity and Head Injury Criterion (HIC) significantly predicts maximal principal strain and injury.
  • Rotational kinematics are more influential for intracranial distortional strains, while translational kinematics contribute minimally.