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Updated: Jul 7, 2026

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure
Published on: March 12, 2020
Unsuspected location of a ventricular septal defect after blunt chest trauma
1Dr. Siyami Ersek Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Center, Istanbul, Turkey. drbatuhanozay@yahoo.com <drbatuhanozay@yahoo.com>
A 40-year-old woman, without previous cardiac symptoms, was referred to our hospital from a local hospital with a subpulmonary ventricular septal defect following blunt chest trauma. The patient was in cardiogenic shock and emergency repair was mandatory. Ventricular septal defect is uncommon after blunt chest trauma. It may develop either immediately or be delayed. Echocardiography is very important for rapid detection. Early repair is necessary and constitutes a lifesaving procedure when hemodynamic instability is present.
A 40-year-old woman, without previous cardiac symptoms, was referred to our hospital from a local hospital with a subpulmonary ventricular septal defect following blunt chest trauma. The patient was in cardiogenic shock and emergency repair was mandatory. Ventricular septal defect is uncommon after blunt chest trauma. It may develop either immediately or be delayed. Echocardiography is very important for rapid detection. Early repair is necessary and constitutes a lifesaving procedure when hemodynamic instability is present.
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Flail Chest-I
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
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Pneumothorax-I
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Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology
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