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Related Concept Videos

Transport Number01:31

Transport Number

The transport number is the fraction of the total current carried by an ion in an electrolyte solution. It is defined as the ratio of the current carried by a specific ion to the total current flowing through the solution. The transport number, t, is central to understanding ionic mobility, which describes how fast an ion moves under the influence of an electric field. This link connects the physical behavior of ions in solution to the chemical processes that occur during electrochemical...
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Labeling DNA Probes

DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
Radioisotopes, fluorophores, or small molecule binding partners like biotin or digoxigenin, are the most widely used reporter tags for labeling DNA probes. These labels can be attached to the probe DNA molecule via...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

High-throughput Screening for Small-molecule Modulators of Inward Rectifier Potassium Channels
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Published on: January 27, 2013

Genetically encoded chloride indicator with improved sensitivity.

Olga Markova1, Marat Mukhtarov, Eleonore Real

  • 1Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée (INMED), INSERM U901, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France. markova@inmed.univ-mrs.fr

Journal of Neuroscience Methods
|February 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a sensitive, genetically encoded chloride (Cl) sensor to measure intracellular Cl levels in live tissues. This new tool aids in understanding Cl regulation and screening drugs for neurological disorders.

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Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recordings for Electrophysiological Determination of Ion Selectivity in Channelrhodopsins

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Chloride (Cl) is the most abundant physiological anion, crucial for cellular functions.
  • Dysregulation of intracellular Cl concentration is implicated in neurological disorders like epilepsy and motor disorders.
  • Existing methods for measuring intracellular Cl in live tissues are limited, hindering research into regulatory mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, genetically encoded ratiometric indicator for sensitive measurement of intracellular chloride (Cl) concentration.
  • To characterize the sensitivity and pH dependency of the new Cl indicator.
  • To demonstrate the utility of the new indicator for non-invasive Cl measurement in various cell types.

Main Methods:

  • A new CFP-YFP based ratiometric Cl indicator (Cl-sensor) was engineered using a triple YFP mutant for enhanced Cl sensitivity.
  • The Cl-sensor's sensitivity (K(app) ≈ 30 mM) and pH sensitivity (pK(α) 7.1–8.0) were characterized.
  • The Cl-sensor was utilized to measure intracellular Cl distribution in cultured CHO cells, hippocampal neurons, and rat retinal photoreceptors.

Main Results:

  • The novel Cl-sensor exhibits significantly higher sensitivity to Cl compared to previous indicators.
  • The indicator demonstrates reliable performance across a physiological pH range.
  • Non-invasive measurements of intracellular Cl distribution were successfully obtained in diverse cell types.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Cl-sensor provides a sensitive and versatile tool for monitoring intracellular Cl dynamics.
  • This genetically encoded indicator facilitates research into Cl regulation mechanisms and related diseases.
  • The Cl-sensor is suitable for high-throughput screening of pharmacological agents targeting Cl transport.