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Related Concept Videos

Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy01:30

Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy

Endoscopy is a non-surgical medical technique used to examine a person's internal organs and vessels. This lesson will focus on two types of endoscopic studies: bronchoscopy and thoracoscopy.
Bronchoscopy
Description
Bronchoscopy is a procedure that involves direct visualization of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A flexible fiber optic or rigid bronchoscope is used to carry out the procedure. The fiber-optic bronchoscope is more frequently used due to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Gasless Endoscopic Thyroidectomy via the Trans-Axillary Approach
05:10

Gasless Endoscopic Thyroidectomy via the Trans-Axillary Approach

Published on: September 15, 2023

Bilateral transaxillary endoscopic total thyroidectomy.

Go Miyano1, Thom E Lobe, Simon K Wright

  • 1Minimally Invasive Head and Neck Surgery Center, Iowa Methodist Medical Center, Blank Children's Hospital, Des Moines, IA/Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50309, USA. go1993@hotmail.co.jp

Journal of Pediatric Surgery
|February 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bilateral transaxillary endoscopic thyroidectomy (BAEA) is a safe and feasible approach for children with benign thyroid disease. This minimal-access surgery offers excellent cosmetic results and a rapid return to normal activities without significant morbidity.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric surgery
  • Endocrine surgery
  • Minimally invasive surgery

Background:

  • Minimal-access thyroid surgery techniques are established.
  • Robotic-assisted bilateral transaxillary endoscopic approach (R-BAEA) and non-robotic-assisted bilateral transaxillary endoscopic approach (BAEA) are utilized.
  • This study reviews initial experiences with these methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the safety and feasibility of R-BAEA and BAEA for total thyroidectomy in children.
  • To evaluate outcomes and compare techniques.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective review of 9 pediatric patients undergoing total thyroidectomy.
  • Patients had benign thyroid disease, primarily Graves disease.
  • Surgical technique details for R-BAEA and BAEA were documented.

Main Results:

  • All 9 patients completed the procedures without conversion.
  • Mean operative time was longer for R-BAEA (385 min) than BAEA (259 min).
  • No significant morbidity was observed; complications included transient hoarseness and hypocalcemia, with excellent cosmetic outcomes and early return to activity.

Conclusions:

  • Total thyroidectomy using BAEA, with or without robotic assistance, is feasible and safe in pediatric patients.
  • Advantages include no cervical scar, minimal morbidity, reduced postoperative pain, and early return to normal activities.
  • BAEA offers superior cosmetic results and patient satisfaction compared to traditional methods.