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Related Concept Videos

The Citric Acid Cycle: Overview01:37

The Citric Acid Cycle: Overview

In aerobic organisms, the citric acid cycle is the second stage of cellular respiration wherein molecules derived from the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are oxidized into carbon dioxide and energy. This process is also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle as the first product of the cycle, citric acid, contains three carboxyl groups in its structure. Alternatively, this cycle is also referred to as the Krebs cycle, in honor of its discoverer Sir Hans Krebs.
The citric...
Urea Cycle01:23

Urea Cycle

The urea cycle describes how liver cells convert ammonia to urea. Ammonia is a toxic waste product of protein catabolism. Land animals must convert ammonia into the less toxic urea which can be safely eliminated by the kidneys through urine. Marine animals excrete ammonia directly, and the surrounding water dilutes the ammonia to safe levels.
Amino Acid Catabolism01:18

Amino Acid Catabolism

Microorganisms rely on proteins as an essential carbon and energy source, particularly in environments with limited polysaccharides or lipids. However, proteins are too large to cross the plasma membrane unaided, necessitating enzymatic degradation. Microbes secrete extracellular proteases and peptidases that hydrolyze proteins into peptides, which can then be transported across the membrane. Once inside the cell, intracellular proteases degrade these peptides into free amino acids, which...
The Citric Acid Cycle: Output01:28

The Citric Acid Cycle: Output

The citric acid cycle is termed an amphibolic pathway as it operates both anabolically and catabolically. The cyclic reactions balance the flux of the substrates to provide an optimal concentration of NADH and ATP to the cell.
Regulation of Citric Acid Cycle
The citric acid cycle is regulated in several ways, including feedback inhibition, regulation of enzyme activities, and associated anaplerotic or cataplerotic pathways.
The primary substrate of the TCA cycle—acetyl CoA—is produced by the...

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Metabolic Pathway Confirmation and Discovery Through 13C-labeling of Proteinogenic Amino Acids
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Published on: January 26, 2012

Acylcarnitine profile analysis.

Piero Rinaldo1, Tina M Cowan, Dietrich Matern

  • 1Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

Genetics in Medicine : Official Journal of the American College of Medical Genetics
|February 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

These voluntary technical standards and guidelines offer educational support for clinical laboratory geneticists. They emphasize professional judgment in genetic testing and encourage documentation of rationale for chosen procedures.

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Laboratory Genetics
  • Medical Diagnostics
  • Genetic Testing Standards

Background:

  • Developed as an educational resource for clinical laboratory geneticists.
  • Aimed at enhancing the quality of clinical laboratory genetic services.

Framework:

  • Voluntary adherence to technical standards and guidelines.
  • Not exhaustive; allows for alternative procedures to achieve similar results.
  • Emphasizes the importance of professional judgment in specific patient cases.

Implementation:

  • Guidance for determining the propriety of specific genetic tests and procedures.
  • Encourages documentation of the rationale behind test selection.
  • Advises consideration of the adoption date and newer scientific information.

Implications:

  • Supports informed decision-making in clinical laboratory genetics.
  • Promotes adaptable and evidence-based genetic testing practices.
  • Aids in maintaining high standards in genetic diagnostic services.