Occupational skin disease in Western Australia

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Occupational Medicine
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Occupational skin disease (OSD) is a significant health concern in various industries.
• Understanding the demographics and causative factors of OSD is crucial for prevention and management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the characteristics of occupational skin disease cases diagnosed in a dermatology practice.
• To identify prevalent industries, allergens, and patient demographics associated with OSD.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of 993 occupational skin disease cases over an 8-year period.
• Data collection included patient demographics, industry of exposure, patch testing results, and clinical diagnosis.
• Analysis of irritant vs. allergic contact dermatitis and time to diagnosis.

Main Results:

• Males predominated (2.4:1 ratio). Wet work industries were common in females; males had varied exposures.
• Apprentices, particularly in hairdressing and food handling, were highly affected, with atopics prevalent.
• Irritant contact dermatitis was more common than allergic contact dermatitis overall, except in those over 60.
• Nickel and chromate were the primary allergens in females and males, respectively.
• Diagnosis delay was common, with 29% experiencing OSD for over 2 years before diagnosis.
• 75% of patients were under 40 at OSD onset.

Conclusions:

• OSD demographics and causes in Western Australia align with international reports.
• Early identification and intervention are needed, especially for apprentices and atopic individuals.
• Emerging occupational allergens require ongoing surveillance.