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Related Concept Videos

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors01:27

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...
Inhibition of Cdk Activity02:34

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
Inhibition of CDK Activity02:34

Inhibition of CDK Activity

The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
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Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Kinase Inhibitor Screening In Self-assembled Human Protein Microarrays
13:22

Kinase Inhibitor Screening In Self-assembled Human Protein Microarrays

Published on: October 23, 2019

Applications for ROCK kinase inhibition.

Michael F Olson1

  • 1Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK. m.olson@beatson.gla.ac.uk

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|February 20, 2008
PubMed
Summary

ROCK kinases are crucial for cytoskeleton organization and are promising therapeutic targets. ROCK inhibition, particularly with fasudil, shows efficacy in cardiovascular diseases and potential in stem cell therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Cardiovascular research
  • Regenerative medicine

Background:

  • ROCK kinases regulate the actin cytoskeleton, impacting cellular processes.
  • ROCK I plays a role in high blood pressure pathophysiology.
  • Fasudil is the only clinically approved ROCK inhibitor, used for cerebral vasospasm.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the therapeutic potential of ROCK inhibitors.
  • To validate ROCK inhibition for cardiovascular diseases.
  • To investigate ROCK inhibitors in stem cell applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing mouse models with ROCK I deletion.
  • Analyzing clinical trial data for fasudil.
  • Reviewing recent findings on ROCK inhibitors in stem cell research.

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A Method for Screening and Validation of Resistant Mutations Against Kinase Inhibitors

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Kinase Inhibitor Screening In Self-assembled Human Protein Microarrays
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Kinase Inhibitor Screening In Self-assembled Human Protein Microarrays

Published on: October 23, 2019

Identification of Mediators of T-cell Receptor Signaling via the Screening of Chemical Inhibitor Libraries
08:49

Identification of Mediators of T-cell Receptor Signaling via the Screening of Chemical Inhibitor Libraries

Published on: January 22, 2019

A Method for Screening and Validation of Resistant Mutations Against Kinase Inhibitors
12:40

A Method for Screening and Validation of Resistant Mutations Against Kinase Inhibitors

Published on: December 7, 2014

Main Results:

  • ROCK I deletion linked to high blood pressure responses.
  • Fasudil demonstrated benefits in cardiovascular trials beyond cerebral vasospasm.
  • Emerging evidence supports ROCK inhibitors in stem cell production and implantation.

Conclusions:

  • ROCK inhibition is a validated strategy for cardiovascular diseases.
  • Fasudil has a proven safety and efficacy profile.
  • ROCK inhibitors hold significant promise for stem cell-based therapies.