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Related Concept Videos

Alkenes via Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes or Ketones: McMurry Reaction01:22

Alkenes via Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes or Ketones: McMurry Reaction

The radical dimerization of ketones or aldehydes gives vicinal diols through a pinacol coupling reaction. However, the behavior of titanium metals used for the reaction as a source of electrons is unusual. When the reaction is carried out in the presence of titanium, diols can be isolated at low temperatures. Else titanium further reacts with diols, forming alkenes through the McMurry reaction.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

The Effect of Interfacial Chemical Bonding in TiO2-SiO2 Composites on Their Photocatalytic NOx Abatement Performance
11:47

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Sonochemical method for producing titanium metal powder.

Ion C Halalay1, Michael P Balogh

  • 1General Motors Research and Development Center, 30500 Mound Road, M/C 480-102-000, Warren, MI 48090-9055, USA. Ion.C.Halalay@gm.com

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry
|February 20, 2008
PubMed
Summary

A novel sonochemical method produces titanium metal powder using ultrasound in a hydrocarbon solvent. This process reduces titanium tetrachloride to fine titanium particles, confirmed by annealing and X-ray diffraction analysis.

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Synthesis and Reaction Chemistry of Nanosize Monosodium Titanate
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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

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Synthesis and Reaction Chemistry of Nanosize Monosodium Titanate
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Synthesis and Reaction Chemistry of Nanosize Monosodium Titanate

Published on: February 23, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Titanium metal powder is crucial for various industrial applications.
  • Existing production methods can be energy-intensive or costly.
  • Development of efficient and scalable synthesis routes is ongoing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a sonochemical approach for titanium metal powder production.
  • To investigate the formation of titanium metal under cavitation conditions.
  • To characterize the resulting titanium particles and byproducts.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing low-intensity ultrasound in a hydrocarbon solvent with sodium-potassium alloy.
  • Reducing liquid titanium tetrachloride to titanium metal under cavitation.
  • Analyzing reaction products using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).

Main Results:

  • Formation of hollow spheres composed of halide salts and titanium metal (100-500 nm).
  • TEM data suggests metal particle sizes significantly smaller than 40 nm.
  • XRD after annealing confirmed titanium metal formation, despite initial absence of distinct peaks.

Conclusions:

  • Sonochemistry offers a viable method for producing fine titanium metal powder.
  • The cavitation-induced reaction likely occurs within liquid shells surrounding bubbles.
  • The process yields titanium metal particles with potential for advanced applications.