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Related Concept Videos

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications01:24

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...
Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
Lysosomal Hydrolases01:22

Lysosomal Hydrolases

Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State, or HHS, is a serious and life-threatening complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by three main features: severe hyperglycemia, profound dehydration, and elevated serum osmolality, all occurring without significant ketoacidosis.HHS typically develops in older adults or individuals with limited access to fluids. This may result from illness, cognitive impairment, or medications such as diuretics or corticosteroids. These factors reduce...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin
07:38

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin

Published on: May 6, 2018

Rhabdomyolysis.

M S Sever1

  • 1Istanbul Tip Fakultesi, Ic Hastaliklari Anabilim Dali, Nefroloji Bilim Dali, Istanbu, Turkey. severm@hotmail.com

Acta Clinica Belgica
|February 21, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Rhabdomyolysis, the breakdown of muscle tissue, can lead to acute kidney injury. Prompt treatment with hydration and specific solutions is crucial for managing this condition and its complications.

Area of Science:

  • Medicine
  • Nephrology
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Rhabdomyolysis involves muscle cell disintegration, releasing contents into circulation.
  • Crush syndrome, a severe complication, frequently involves acute kidney injury.
  • Causes are diverse, encompassing both physical and non-physical factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of rhabdomyolysis.
  • To highlight the link between rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury.
  • To outline key diagnostic parameters and therapeutic interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of rhabdomyolysis and crush syndrome.
  • Analysis of clinical manifestations and laboratory findings.

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Modeling Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells
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Modeling Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells

Published on: November 21, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin
07:38

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin

Published on: May 6, 2018

Modeling Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells
06:23

Modeling Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells

Published on: November 21, 2025

  • Evaluation of established treatment protocols.

    • Main Results:

    • Rhabdomyolysis presents a spectrum from mild creatine kinase elevation to multiorgan failure.
    • Key indicators include myoglobinuria, elevated serum creatine kinase, and hyperkalemia.
    • Acute kidney injury is a primary concern in crush syndrome.

    Conclusions:

    • Early recognition and management of rhabdomyolysis are vital.
    • Vigorous hydration with isotonic saline, alkaline solutions, and mannitol are recommended treatments.
    • Understanding rhabdomyolysis is critical for preventing severe outcomes like kidney failure.