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Related Concept Videos

Types of Coprecipitation01:10

Types of Coprecipitation

Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates, coprecipitation occurs via surface adsorption. For instance, barium sulfate has a primary layer of adsorbed barium ions and a secondary layer of nitrate counterions. This results in contamination of the precipitate by barium nitrate.
Sometimes, ions in a crystal lattice can undergo isomorphous replacement by inclusions of similar charge and size. For...
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents00:49

Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents

In gravimetry, the precipitant is chosen carefully to obtain a pure solid that can be easily filtered. Common inorganic precipitants can be used to determine several cations and anions. In some cases, the formation of the same precipitate can be used to determine the cation and the anion. For example, the reaction of barium and chromate ions to give barium chromate is used to determine both barium and chromate. However, precipitates such as hydroxides, oxalates, and metal ammonium phosphates...
Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates00:52

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:

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Calcium Carbonate Formation in the Presence of Biopolymeric Additives
09:31

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Published on: May 14, 2019

Neptunium(V) coprecipitation with calcite.

Frank Heberling1, Melissa A Denecke, Dirk Bosbach

  • 1Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Frank.Heberling@ine.fzk.de

Environmental Science & Technology
|February 21, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Neptunium(V) and Uranium(VI) coprecipitation with calcite was studied. Neptunium(V) ions substitute calcium sites in calcite, unlike Uranium(VI), providing insights into actinide incorporation in minerals.

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Environmental Science
  • Nuclear Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding the fate and transport of actinides like Neptunium (Np) and Uranium (U) in the environment is crucial for nuclear waste management.
  • Calcite (CaCO3) is a common mineral that can interact with and sequester actinides.
  • Previous studies have investigated uranium incorporation, but neptunium behavior requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the coprecipitation behavior of Neptunium(V) and Uranium(VI) with calcite.
  • To determine the structural environment and incorporation mechanism of Np(V) and U(VI) within the calcite lattice.
  • To compare the partitioning and structural incorporation of Np(V) and U(VI) into calcite.

Main Methods:

  • Coprecipitation experiments conducted in mixed-flow reactors under steady-state conditions.
  • Varying calcite saturation indices (0.04-0.95) and pH (7.8-12.8).
  • Analysis of incorporated actinides using Neptunium L(III) and Uranium L(III) Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • Partition coefficients for Np(V) ranged from 0.5-10.3, significantly higher than for U(VI) (0.02).
  • EXAFS data suggest Np(V) ions occupy calcium lattice sites in calcite.
  • The neptunyl moiety's axial oxygen atoms substitute calcite carbonate groups, with coordination by four equatorial oxygen atoms and associated carbon atoms.

Conclusions:

  • Neptunium(V) incorporates into the calcite lattice by substituting calcium ions, indicating a stronger affinity compared to Uranium(VI).
  • The structural model for Np(V) incorporation involves the neptunyl moiety interacting with calcite's carbonate groups.
  • These findings contribute to understanding actinide behavior in geological repositories and the environment.