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Cost-effective Method for Microbial Source Tracking Using Specific Human and Animal Viruses
11:29

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Published on: December 3, 2011

A discrete, stochastic model and correction method for bacterial source tracking.

Mark D Leach1, Shira L Broschat, Douglas R Call

  • 1School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Integrated Biotechnology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA.

Environmental Science & Technology
|February 21, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate bacterial source tracking (BST) requires accounting for varied marker shedding. A new correction method improves contamination estimates but needs precise marker data and struggles with low-density environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Molecular ecology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Bacterial source tracking (BST) relies on genetic markers to identify contamination sources.
  • Assumptions of BST methods using discrete genetic markers require rigorous testing.
  • Environmental contamination patterns can be complex and variable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and test a model evaluating key assumptions of discrete marker-based BST.
  • To assess the impact of variable marker shedding on environmental characterization.
  • To evaluate a novel correction method for improving BST accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a simulation model of environmental contamination with discrete genetic markers.
  • Incorporated variable shedding of marker-bearing and non-marker-bearing units from hosts.
  • Applied a correction method based on solving a linear system to estimate contamination proportions.

Main Results:

  • Inaccurate environmental characterization occurs if hosts shed different marker percentages without correction.
  • The correction method reduced mean error in estimating host contamination proportions to below 3%.
  • Method effectiveness is contingent on accurate, spatially and temporally resolved marker prevalence data.

Conclusions:

  • Discrete marker BST faces fundamental challenges in absolute quantification of fecal input.
  • Variable marker prevalence across hosts and environments complicates accurate BST.
  • Low-density or unmixed contamination environments remain difficult to quantify using this BST approach.