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An Experimental Study on Colorado Potato Beetle Hibernation Under Natural Conditions

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Overwintering survival, phenology, voltinism, and reproduction among different populations of the leaf beetle

Lindsey R Milbrath¹, C Jack Deloach, James L Tracy

¹USDA-ARS, Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory, 808 E. Blackland Rd., Temple, TX 76502, USA. Lindsey.Milbrath@ars.usda.gov

Environmental Entomology

|February 21, 2008

Summary

The Crete population of the Diorhabda elongata leaf beetle shows high overwintering survival and multiple generations, making it the most promising biological control agent for invasive saltcedars in Texas and southern regions.

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Area of Science:

Entomology
Ecology
Biological Control

Background:

Exotic saltcedars (Tamarix spp.) are invasive in North America.
Biological control using Diorhabda elongata leaf beetles is a strategy for managing saltcedars.
Different D. elongata populations are being assessed for efficacy and suitability in North America south of 37° N latitude.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate overwintering survival, phenology, voltinism, and reproductive biology of four D. elongata populations (Tunisia, Crete, Uzbekistan, Turpan) in eastcentral Texas.
To compare these traits with a previously released population (Fukang, China).
To identify the most promising D. elongata population for saltcedar biocontrol in southern North America.

Main Methods:

Field assessment of overwintering survival rates for adult D. elongata beetles.
Monitoring of oviposition initiation, cessation, and number of summer generations (voltinism).
Evaluation of larval development, survival, preoviposition period, and egg mass characteristics.

Main Results:

Crete and Tunisia populations exhibited high overwintering survival (90-99% and 75%, respectively).
Crete populations produced four to five generations, with oviposition extending to mid-October, while Turpan had fewer generations and lower survival.
Larval development was similar across populations, but Turpan and Fukang had shorter preoviposition periods and more, smaller egg masses, without significantly impacting lifetime fecundity.

Conclusions:

The Crete population of D. elongata demonstrates superior overwintering survival and reproductive capacity compared to other tested populations.
This makes the Crete beetle the most promising candidate for biological control of invasive saltcedars in central Texas and areas further south.
Further releases should prioritize the Crete population for effective and sustained saltcedar management.