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Larval densities and field hosts of Ceratapion basicorne (Coleoptera: Apionidae) and an illustrated key to the adults

Joe K Balciunas1, Boris A Korotyaev

  • 1Exotic and Invasive Weed Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA. joe@pw.usda.gov

Environmental Entomology
|February 21, 2008
PubMed
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An apionid weevil, Ceratapion basicorne, frequently attacks yellow starthistle in its native range. This weevil shows potential as a biological control agent for this invasive weed.

Area of Science:

  • Botany
  • Entomology
  • Invasive Species Management

Background:

  • Yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.) is a significant invasive weed in the Western United States.
  • Members of the tribe Cardueae, including yellow starthistle, are known for their invasive nature.
  • Understanding natural enemies in the native range is crucial for biological control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the natural enemies of yellow starthistle in its native regions.
  • To identify apionid weevil species associated with yellow starthistle and related plants.
  • To evaluate the potential of these weevils as biological control agents.

Main Methods:

  • Field surveys were conducted in five native countries: Armenia, Georgia, Greece, Russia, and Turkey.

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  • Root crowns and stems of yellow starthistle and related species were examined for insect infestations.
  • Apionid weevils were reared from collected plant material, and adults were identified.
  • Infestation levels and densities of weevil larvae were quantified.

    • Main Results:

    • Six apionid weevil species were reared from yellow starthistle and related plants.
    • Ceratapion basicorne was the only apionid species reared from yellow starthistle.
    • In Turkey, 58% of yellow starthistle plants at 20 sites were infested with C. basicorne larvae.
    • An average of 1.8 C. basicorne immatures per plant were found at infested sites.

    Conclusions:

    • Ceratapion basicorne is a natural enemy of yellow starthistle in its native range.
    • The high infestation rates suggest C. basicorne's potential as a biological control agent.
    • Further research is ongoing to assess the efficacy of C. basicorne for managing invasive yellow starthistle.