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Related Concept Videos

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into rapid-acting...
Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices01:28

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Parenteral drug delivery systems play a crucial role in modern therapeutics by enabling the direct administration of drugs into the systemic circulation, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. These systems are particularly valuable for poorly absorbed oral medications that are unstable in the digestive environment or require rapid onset or sustained therapeutic levels. Delivery is achieved through intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous routes, each selected based on the drug's properties...
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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
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Production of Pharmaceuticals01:30

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Industrial insulin production uses genetically engineered E. coli expressing a proinsulin gene controlled by a tryptophan promoter and containing a methionine linker for later cleavage. The cells also carry ampicillin resistance for selective growth. Seed cultures are stored at −80 °C and production begins by thawing a small amount to inoculate starter cultures, which are progressively scaled to a 50,000-L bioreactor. In the bioreactor, E. coli grow in nutrient-rich media under sterile, tightly...
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Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
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Insulin Secretory Vesicles01:05

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Generation of Scaffold-free, Three-dimensional Insulin Expressing Pancreatoids from Mouse Pancreatic Progenitors In Vitro
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Development of insulin delivery systems.

N I Siddiqui1, Ni Siddiqui, S Rahman

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh & Editor, Mymensingh Medical Journal, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. mnisendo@yahoo.com

Mymensingh Medical Journal : MMJ
|February 21, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Advancements in insulin delivery systems focus on patient convenience and glycemic control. Innovations include insulin pens and infusion pumps, with ongoing research into oral and inhaled methods for better diabetes management.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background:

  • Insulin delivery is crucial for diabetes management, impacting patient adherence and glycemic control.
  • Significant advancements in insulin delivery systems have occurred over the last two decades.
  • Key goals of these developments are enhanced patient convenience and improved glycemic outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution and current landscape of insulin delivery systems.
  • To highlight the advantages and limitations of various insulin delivery methods.
  • To discuss emerging trends and future directions in insulin therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on insulin delivery technologies.
  • Analysis of historical and current insulin delivery devices.
  • Discussion of clinical acceptance and future prospects of novel delivery routes.

Main Results:

  • Traditional syringe/vial systems remain widely used due to cost-effectiveness.
  • Insulin pens offer convenience, discretion, and improved quality of life, with high adoption rates in Europe.
  • Insulin infusion pumps provide an alternative for specific patient groups, while inhaled insulin (Exubera) faced challenges with safety and cost-effectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • Insulin delivery systems have evolved significantly, prioritizing patient convenience and glycemic control.
  • Insulin pens represent a major advancement, enhancing patient lifestyle and adherence.
  • Future research focuses on overcoming barriers for non-invasive routes like oral and inhaled insulin, aiming for more acceptable and cost-effective options.