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Related Concept Videos

Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature
07:42

On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature

Published on: March 11, 2022

High-resolution monochromatic x-ray imaging system based on spherically bent crystals.

Y Aglitskiy, T Lehecka, S Obenschain

    Applied Optics
    |February 21, 2008
    PubMed
    Summary

    An improved X-ray imaging system using curved crystals provides high-resolution, time-resolved diagnostics for laser-accelerated targets. This system enhances understanding of inertial confinement fusion processes.

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    Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

    On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature
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    Applying X-ray Imaging Crystal Spectroscopy for Use as a High Temperature Plasma Diagnostic
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    Microfluidic Chips for In Situ Crystal X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering for Serial Crystallography
    11:48

    Microfluidic Chips for In Situ Crystal X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering for Serial Crystallography

    Published on: April 24, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Plasma Physics
    • X-ray Optics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Laser-driven inertial confinement fusion (ICF) requires advanced diagnostics.
    • Previous X-ray imaging systems had limitations in resolution and speed.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and evaluate an improved X-ray imaging system for ICF target diagnostics.
    • To achieve high spatial and temporal resolution for studying ablative acceleration.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a spherically curved quartz crystal (d = .?, R = mm) as a Bragg spectrometer.
    • Employed the He-like Si resonance line (1865 eV) for monochromatic backlighting.
    • Integrated the system with the Nike KrF laser facility for target acceleration.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved spatial resolutions of 1.7 µm in select areas and 2-3 µm over larger regions.
    • Obtained time-resolved, monochromatic backlit images of laser-ablated polystyrene targets.
    • Demonstrated spatial resolutions of 2.5 µm and 5 µm for time-resolved imaging.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed X-ray imaging system offers significant improvements for ICF diagnostics.
    • The system enables detailed study of target dynamics during laser acceleration.
    • This technology advances the capability for analyzing high-energy-density physics experiments.