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Related Concept Videos

Symmetry01:26

Symmetry

The equation of an ellipse centered at the origin defines all points whose distances from the center maintain a constant ratio between the horizontal and vertical axes. This equation results in a smooth, closed curve that extends further along the x-axis than the y-axis, giving it a horizontal orientation. Such an ellipse demonstrates three kinds of symmetry: across the x-axis, across the y-axis, and about the origin. These symmetries are essential in understanding the graph's structure and...
Unsymmetric Bending01:18

Unsymmetric Bending

Unsymmetrical bending occurs when the bending moment applied to a structural member does not align with its principal axis. This misalignment leads to complex stress distributions and deflection patterns that differ from those in symmetrical bending, and are essential for designing structures to withstand different loading conditions. In unsymmetrical bending, the neutral axis—where stress is zero—does not necessarily align with the geometric axes of the cross-section. The orientation of the...
Symmetry Elements in a Crystal01:27

Symmetry Elements in a Crystal

Crystal symmetry operations are isometric transformations that map objects onto indistinguishable copies while preserving distances, angles, and volumes. The simplest symmetry operation is translation, which shifts the entire infinite crystal lattice parallelly by a translation vector.Crystallographic rotations involve rotations by an angle of 2π/n around an axis without changing the positions of points on the axis. It is called the rotational axis of the symmetry, denoted by n. The combination...
Gauss's Law: Planar Symmetry01:27

Gauss's Law: Planar Symmetry

A planar symmetry of charge density is obtained when charges are uniformly spread over a large flat surface. In planar symmetry, all points in a plane parallel to the plane of charge are identical with respect to the charges. Suppose the plane of the charge distribution is the xy-plane, and the electric field at a space point P with coordinates (x, y, z) is to be determined. Since the charge density is the same at all (x, y) - coordinates in the z = 0 plane, by symmetry, the electric field at P...
Symmetric Member in Bending01:07

Symmetric Member in Bending

In the study of the mechanics of materials, analyzing the behavior of prismatic members under opposing couples is crucial for understanding internal stress distributions, which are essential for structural design. When subjected to couples, a prismatic member experiences internal forces that maintain equilibrium. A couple, characterized by two equal and opposite forces, creates a moment but no resultant force. The internal forces at any section cut of the member must balance these external...
Gauss's Law: Cylindrical Symmetry01:20

Gauss's Law: Cylindrical Symmetry

A charge distribution has cylindrical symmetry if the charge density depends only upon the distance from the axis of the cylinder and does not vary along the axis or with the direction about the axis. In other words, if a system varies if it is rotated around the axis or shifted along the axis, it does not have cylindrical symmetry. In real systems, we do not have infinite cylinders; however, if the cylindrical object is considerably longer than the radius from it that we are interested in,...

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Asymmetric Walkway: A Novel Behavioral Assay for Studying Asymmetric Locomotion
08:19

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Published on: January 15, 2016

Pseudoasymmetry: a final twist?

Sosale Chandrasekhar1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkey. sosale@orgchem.iisc.ernet.in

Chirality
|February 21, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pseudoasymmetry, a concept in stereochemistry, is best applied to acyclic molecules. Cyclic systems often require diastereomer descriptions or modified notation for clarity.

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Area of Science:

  • Stereochemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Chirality Studies

Background:

  • The concept of pseudoasymmetry was introduced to explain how tetrahedral centers with four different groups can lack overall chirality.
  • Challenges arise when applying pseudoasymmetry to cyclic systems, particularly those without chirotopic centers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the applicability and limitations of pseudoasymmetry in different molecular systems.
  • To explore alternative descriptive notations for complex cyclic molecules where standard descriptors fail.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of pseudoasymmetry in acyclic systems (e.g., meso trihydroxyglutaric acids).
  • Comparison with analogous cyclic systems (e.g., 1,4-dimethylcyclobutanes) using diastereomer and like-unlike notations.
  • Investigation of complex substituted cyclohexanes (tri- and tetramethylcyclohexanes).

Main Results:

  • Pseudoasymmetry is most effectively applied to acyclic systems with chirotopic carbon centers.
  • Cyclic analogs are better described as diastereomers, utilizing an extended like-unlike notation.
  • In some substituted cyclohexanes, even chirotopic centers require a modified like-unlike notation as CIP descriptors are inapplicable.

Conclusions:

  • The utility of pseudoasymmetry is primarily confined to specific acyclic molecular architectures.
  • For complex cyclic systems, alternative notations like extended like-unlike are essential for accurate stereochemical description.
  • This study refines the understanding and application of stereochemical descriptors in organic chemistry.