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Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.

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Related Experiment Video

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Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects
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Computerized maze navigation and on-road performance by drivers with dementia.

Brian R Ott1, Elena K Festa, Melissa M Amick

  • 1Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA. BOtt@lifespan.org

Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology
|February 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary

A brief computerized maze test effectively predicts driving performance in older adults, including those with Alzheimer disease. This tool aids in assessing older drivers at risk for unsafe driving.

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

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Published on: July 8, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Transportation Safety

Background:

  • Cognitive impairment significantly impacts driving abilities in older adults.
  • Assessing driving fitness in cognitively impaired individuals is crucial for public safety.
  • Traditional neuropsychological tests may not fully capture real-world driving performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the predictive validity of computerized maze test performance for road test outcomes in older drivers.
  • To compare the efficacy of maze tasks against standard neuropsychological tests in predicting driving performance.
  • To identify specific maze task parameters that correlate with driving safety in individuals with and without cognitive impairment.

Main Methods:

  • 133 older drivers (including those with Alzheimer disease and controls) completed 5 computerized maze tasks and standard neuropsychological tests.
  • Driving performance was assessed using a standardized road test within two weeks of cognitive assessments.
  • Correlation and multiple regression analyses were used to determine the predictive power of maze and neuropsychological tests on road test scores.

Main Results:

  • Total time on the computerized maze tasks significantly correlated with road test scores across all participants.
  • A specific 2-minute maze task demonstrated a strong correlation with driving performance.
  • Trail Making A (TrailsA) and Hopkins Verbal Learning Tests Trial 1 (HVLT1) also showed significant correlations with driving performance.

Conclusions:

  • Computerized maze navigation time serves as a valuable visual analog for driving, comparable to established neuropsychological tests.
  • Maze task performance is a useful tool for assessing older drivers, particularly those with early Alzheimer disease, for driving risks.
  • This brief computerized assessment can aid in identifying older drivers who may be at risk for hazardous driving behaviors.