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Affinity and Avidity01:41

Affinity and Avidity

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Coupling of antibodies with biotin.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2008
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Conjugation of antibodies to biotin.

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Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Expression of Exogenous Antigens in the Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccine via Non-genetic Surface Decoration with the Avidin-biotin System
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Preparation of avidin conjugates.

Rosaria P Haugland1, Mahesh K Bhalgat

  • 1Molecular Probes, Inc., Eugene, OR, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|February 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary

The avidin-biotin system enables strong molecular complexes for biotechnology applications. This chapter details protocols for conjugating avidin to various molecules, including antibodies and enzymes.

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The avidin-biotin system is a high-affinity interaction widely used in biotechnology.
  • Avidin and its variants like streptavidin possess multiple biotin-binding sites, enabling complex formation.
  • Applications span immunoassays, histochemistry, affinity chromatography, and drug delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe avidin and avidin-like molecules.
  • To present a general protocol for conjugating avidin to proteins.
  • To facilitate on-site conjugation of avidin for specific research needs.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed description of avidin and avidin-like proteins.
  • Protocol for conjugating avidin to enzymes, antibodies, and other proteins.

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Expression of Exogenous Antigens in the Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccine via Non-genetic Surface Decoration with the Avidin-biotin System
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Expression of Exogenous Antigens in the Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccine via Non-genetic Surface Decoration with the Avidin-biotin System

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Avidity-based Extracellular Interaction Screening (AVEXIS) for the Scalable Detection of Low-affinity Extracellular Receptor-Ligand Interactions

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  • Discussion on the preparation of signal-amplifying "sandwich" complexes.

    • Main Results:

    • Avidin-biotin complexes offer synthetic flexibility for reagent conjugation.
    • Commercially available conjugates are cost-effective for common applications.
    • On-site conjugation is practical for specific antibodies, uncommon enzymes, and peptides.

    Conclusions:

    • The avidin-biotin system is a versatile tool in biotechnology.
    • A general conjugation protocol is provided for researchers.
    • On-site conjugation enables customized reagent development.