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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration01:28

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be estimated from serum creatinine using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula or the chronic kidney disease–epidemiology collaboration (CKD–EPI) equation. Both methods are widely used in clinical practice to assess kidney function and guide treatment decisions.The MDRD equation does not require weight or height measurements and is normalized to the body surface area of 1.73 m², considered the average adult surface area. This equation is...
Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Serum Creatinine Concentration and Clearance01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Serum Creatinine Concentration and Clearance

In healthy individuals, serum creatinine levels remain stable due to a balance between its constant production—primarily from muscle metabolism—and renal excretion. Creatinine is freely filtered by the glomeruli, making it a valuable marker for estimating renal function. When the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreases, the kidneys can only eliminate less creatinine, causing serum levels to rise.Serum creatinine concentration is widely used to estimate creatinine clearance (Clcr), a...
Serum Studies: Renal Function Tests01:24

Serum Studies: Renal Function Tests

Renal function tests are crucial for assessing kidney health, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating the kidneys' efficiency in waste elimination, fluid balance, and electrolyte regulation. These tests offer critical insights into kidney function, even though routine measurements may appear normal until there is a significant decline in the glomerular filtration rate or GFR. Typically, signs of kidney impairment only become evident when the GFR falls to about 50% of its normal level.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Transdermal Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Mechanically Ventilated Piglets
07:41

Transdermal Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Mechanically Ventilated Piglets

Published on: September 13, 2022

A gestation- and postnatal age-based reference chart for assessing renal function in extremely premature infants.

S Thayyil1, S Sheik, S T Kempley

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Great Ormond Street Hospital, UCL Institute of Child health, London, UK. s.thayyil@ich.ucl.ac.uk

Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association
|February 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Plasma creatinine reference ranges are essential for assessing renal function in premature infants. This study established gestational age-based charts for extremely premature babies, improving diagnostic accuracy.

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Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor (Cerebral Function Monitor) to Neonates
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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Transdermal Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Mechanically Ventilated Piglets
07:41

Transdermal Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Mechanically Ventilated Piglets

Published on: September 13, 2022

Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor (Cerebral Function Monitor) to Neonates
05:58

Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor (Cerebral Function Monitor) to Neonates

Published on: September 6, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Clinical Chemistry

Background:

  • Plasma creatinine levels vary significantly in premature infants due to gestational and postnatal age.
  • A single creatinine value is insufficient for diagnosing renal dysfunction in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop reference ranges for plasma creatinine in extremely premature infants.
  • To provide age- and gestation-specific charts for accurate interpretation.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of plasma creatinine levels.
  • Inclusion of 161 premature infants (gestational age ≤ 28 weeks).
  • Data collected within the first 8 weeks of life.

Main Results:

  • Peak creatinine levels differed significantly across gestational age groups (22-24, 25-26, 27-28 weeks).
  • Creatinine levels increased initially, then decreased, stabilizing around 5 weeks.
  • Gestational age significantly impacts plasma creatinine values.

Conclusions:

  • Gestation- and age-based reference charts are crucial for interpreting plasma creatinine in extremely premature infants.
  • These charts will aid in the accurate assessment of renal function.