Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
Adrenergic Antagonists: ɑ and β-Receptor Blockers01:31

Adrenergic Antagonists: ɑ and β-Receptor Blockers

Third-generation β-blockers, such as labetalol and carvedilol, represent a significant advancement in managing cardiovascular conditions. Unlike conventional β-blockers, which can induce peripheral vasoconstriction, third-generation drugs block α1 adrenoceptors. This promotes vasodilation through several mechanisms, such as increased nitric oxide production, inhibition of calcium ion entry, opening of potassium ion channels, and antioxidant action. Labetalol, for instance, is clinically...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists01:23

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists

Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...
Adrenergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions of β-Receptor Blockers01:27

Adrenergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions of β-Receptor Blockers

β-receptor blockers significantly impact the cardiovascular system by counteracting catecholamine-induced sympathetic responses. These medications decrease heart rate, contractility, and cardiac output, potentially leading to cardiac depression, life-threatening bradycardia, and death. Therapeutically, β-blockers function as mild antihypertensives and are utilized in treating angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmias. However, nonselective β-blockers inhibit β2-receptors in bronchial smooth...
Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:27

Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowed arteries that diminish blood flow to the extremities. Effective management of PAD requires an interprofessional approach involving various healthcare professionals. The critical aspects of interprofessional care for PAD patients focus on risk factor modification, drug therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, critical limb ischemia care, and interventional radiology and surgical procedures.The primary treatment goal for PAD...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Generating Practice-Based Evidence in the Use of Guideline-Recommended Combination Therapy for Secondary Prevention of Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)·2022
Same author

Association of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels with More than 20-Year Risk of Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality in the General Population.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2022
Same author

Producing personalized statin treatment plans to optimize clinical outcomes using big data and machine learning.

Journal of biomedical informatics·2022
Same author

Trans Fatty Acid Biomarkers and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: Pooled Analysis of 12 Prospective Cohort Studies in the Fatty Acids and Outcomes Research Consortium (FORCE).

Diabetes care·2022
Same author

Effectiveness of a Novel ω-3 Krill Oil Agent in Patients With Severe Hypertriglyceridemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA network open·2022
Same author

Self-controlled assessment of thromboembolic event (TEE) risk following intravenous immune globulin (IGIV) in the U.S. (2006-2012).

Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis·2021

Related Experiment Videos

Should We Use PPAR Agonists to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk?

Jennifer G Robinson1

  • 1Departments of Epidemiology & Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.

PPAR Research
|February 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists show mixed cardiovascular prevention results. While some improve lipid profiles, others increase adverse events, necessitating careful risk-benefit assessment for future drug development.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists are investigated for cardiovascular prevention and metabolic regulation.
  • PPAR agonists target PPAR-alpha (fibrates) and PPAR-gamma (thiazolidinediones), influencing lipid metabolism and glucose control, respectively.
  • Clinical trial results for PPAR agonists have yielded varied outcomes regarding cardiovascular benefits and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the cardiovascular effects and safety profiles of different PPAR agonists.
  • To analyze the performance of fibrates (PPAR-alpha) and thiazolidinediones (PPAR-gamma) in cardiovascular trials.
  • To discuss the potential and challenges of developing novel dual and selective PPAR agonists.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of clinical trial data for PPAR agonists.
  • Analysis of cardiovascular event rates and adverse events associated with PPAR agonists.
  • Comparative assessment of different PPAR agonist subclasses (fibrates, TZDs).

Main Results:

  • Fibrates (PPAR-alpha) demonstrated variable effects on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), with mixed cardiovascular benefits.
  • Thiazolidinediones (PPAR-gamma) showed benefits in preventing diabetic microvascular complications but carried risks of congestive heart failure and potentially increased atherosclerotic events.
  • Dual PPAR-alpha/gamma agonists exhibited unacceptable adverse effects, prompting development of more selective agents.

Conclusions:

  • PPAR agonists present a complex risk-benefit profile for cardiovascular prevention.
  • Future PPAR agonists require rigorous demonstration of net cardiovascular benefit and long-term safety.
  • Development is ongoing for selective PPAR-delta and pan-agonists, alongside improved dual-acting agents.