Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Identification of Kinase-substrate Pairs Using High Throughput Screening
Published on: August 29, 2015
Insights into Sonogashira cross-coupling by high-throughput kinetics and descriptor modeling
Markus R an der Heiden1, Herbert Plenio, Stefan Immel
1Inorganic Chemistry, Zintl-Institute, Darmstadt University of Technology, Petersenstrasse 18, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
Abstract:
A method is presented for the high-throughput monitoring of reaction kinetics in homogeneous catalysis, running up to 25 coupling reactions in a single reaction vessel. This method is demonstrated and validated on the Sonogashira reaction, analyzing the kinetics for almost 500 coupling reactions. First, one-pot reactions of phenylacetylene with a set of 20 different meta- and para-substituted aryl bromides were analyzed in the presence of 17 different Pd-phosphine complexes. In addition, the temperature-dependent Sonogashira reactions were examined for 21 different ArX (X=Cl, Br, I) substrates, and the corresponding activation enthalpies and entropies were determined by means of Eyring plots: ArI (DeltaH(not equal)=48-62 kJ mol(-1); DeltaS(not equal)=-71--39 J mol(-1) K; NO(2)-->OMe), ArBr (DeltaH(not equal)=54-82 kJ mol(-1), DeltaS(not equal)=-55-11 J mol(-1) K), and ArCl (DeltaH(not equal)=95-144 kJ mol(-1), DeltaS(not equal)=-6-100 J mol(-1) K). DFT calculations established a linear correlation of DeltaH( not equal) and the Kohn-Sham HOMO energies of ArX (X=Cl, Br, I) and confirmed their involvement in the rate-limiting step. However, despite different C--X bond energies, aryl iodides and electron-deficient aryl bromides showed similar activation parameters.
Related Concept Videos
Enzyme Kinetics
Scientists typically study enzyme kinetics with a fixed amount of enzyme in the controlled environment of a test tube. When more reactant, or substrate, is...
Introduction to Enzyme Kinetics
The experimenter can then plot the initial reaction rate or velocity (Vo) of a given trial against the substrate concentration ([S]) to obtain a graph of the reaction properties. For many enzymatic reactions involving a...
E1 Reaction: Kinetics and Mechanism
E2 Reaction: Kinetics and Mechanism
Coupled Reactions
Energy in adenosine triphosphate or ATP molecules is easily accessible to do work. ATP powers the majority of energy-requiring cellular reactions. Cells...
Reaction Mechanisms: Rate-limiting Step Approximation
