Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

P-N junction

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

Additives and Fillers in Concrete

Additives and Fillers in Concrete

Additives and fillers are integral to enhancing the properties of concrete. Pozzolans and blast-furnace slag are additives or admixtures due to their reactions with calcium hydroxide released during cement hydration. Fillers, which are finely ground and similar in fineness to Portland cement, improve concrete attributes such as workability density, and reduce capillary bleeding or cracking. Some fillers possess hydraulic properties or participate in benign reactions within the cement paste.
The...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Unveiling the Microscopic Origin of Non-Radiative Voltage Loss in Organic Solar Cells through a Controlled Multi-Interface Architecture.

ACS nano·2026

Same author

Vapor-Phase Grain-Boundary Anchoring Enables Molecular Toughening and Record Bending Endurance in Pilot-Scale Roll-to-Roll-Printed Flexible Perovskite Modules.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026

Same author

Lead-Free Double Cs<sub>2</sub>Ag(Bi,Sb)(Br,I)<sub>6</sub> Perovskites: Going below 1.8 eV Bandgap by Anion Exchange and Solid-State Reactions.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Same author

A Composite Interlayer Reconciling Mechanical and Electrical Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026

Same author

3D electron diffraction-the missing slice completing nanoscale analysis of organic solar cells in TEM.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

An All-Conjugated, PM6-Based Block Copolymer Enables Stable Nanoparticle Dispersions in Methanol.

Macromolecules·2026

Same journal

Switching Site Selectivity in Alkoxyamine Hydration: From Lone-Pair Direction to Solvent Network Dominance.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Same journal

A Topotactic Leap: 2D Layers to 3D Large-Pore Zeolite.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Same journal

Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution over Single-Atom Catalysts via Electrostatic Polarization in Contact-electro-catalysis.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Same journal

Tumor Acidity-Activatable Ionizable Lipid Nanoparticles for Selective Oncolytic Therapy.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Same journal

Alternating Magnetic Field Promotes Ammonia Cracking by Disrupting the Sabatier Limitation of Ruthenium Catalytic Species.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Same journal

Bulk Ferromagnetic Icosahedral Quasicrystals without Rapid Quenching.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Printing Fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells and In Situ Morphology Characterization

Printing Fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells and In Situ Morphology Characterization

Published on: January 29, 2017

Processing additives for improved efficiency from bulk heterojunction solar cells.

Jae Kwan Lee¹, Wan Li Ma, Christoph J Brabec

¹Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|February 22, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified criteria for processing additives in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. Using 1,8-diiodooctane, BHJ solar cell efficiency improved significantly, demonstrating effective morphology control.

More Related Videos

Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic–Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer

Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic–Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer

Published on: January 10, 2017

Developing High Performance GaP/Si Heterojunction Solar Cells

Developing High Performance GaP/Si Heterojunction Solar Cells

Published on: November 16, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Printing Fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells and In Situ Morphology Characterization

Printing Fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells and In Situ Morphology Characterization

Published on: January 29, 2017

Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic–Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer

Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic–Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer

Published on: January 10, 2017

Developing High Performance GaP/Si Heterojunction Solar Cells

Developing High Performance GaP/Si Heterojunction Solar Cells

Published on: November 16, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Organic Electronics
Photovoltaics

Background:

Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells require precise morphology control for optimal performance.
Processing additives play a crucial role in achieving desired BHJ nanostructures.
Existing additives often lack the ideal properties for efficient morphology control.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify key criteria for effective processing additives in BHJ solar cells.
To investigate 1,8-di(R)octanes as novel processing additives.
To enhance the power conversion efficiency of BHJ solar cells through improved morphology.

Main Methods:

Defined two criteria for processing additives: selective fullerene solubility and higher boiling point than the host solvent.
Synthesized and tested various 1,8-di(R)octanes as processing additives.
Fabricated and characterized BHJ solar cells with and without the investigated additives.

Main Results:

Demonstrated that 1,8-di(R)octanes with appropriate functional groups can effectively control BHJ morphology via selective fullerene solubility.
Identified 1,8-diiodooctane as the most effective additive among the tested compounds.
Achieved a significant power conversion efficiency increase from 3.4% to 5.1% in BHJ solar cells using 1,8-diiodooctane.

Conclusions:

The identified criteria are effective for selecting processing additives for BHJ solar cells.
1,8-diiodooctane is a promising processing additive for enhancing BHJ solar cell performance.
Selective fullerene solubility and high boiling point are critical for controlling BHJ morphology and improving device efficiency.