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Published on: December 21, 2011
RNAi screening for therapeutic targets in human malignancies
David R Micklem1, James B Lorens
1Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
|February 22, 2008
Summary
RNA interference (RNAi) screens identify new cancer gene regulators. These loss-of-function genetic screens use tumor cells to uncover novel therapeutic targets for cancer.
Area of Science:
- Genomics
- Molecular Biology
- Cancer Research
Background:
- Loss-of-function genetic screens are crucial for understanding gene function.
- RNA interference (RNAi) has enabled high-throughput screening for gene function.
- Identifying novel cancer gene regulators is essential for therapeutic development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent RNA interference (RNAi) screens.
- To identify novel regulators of cancer-related phenotypes.
- To survey RNAi screens conducted in transformed human cells.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing RNA interference (RNAi) based library screening approaches.
- Employing various tumor cell types to model malignant cell functions.
- Analyzing data from recent loss-of-function genetic screens.
Main Results:
- Recent RNAi screens have identified a significant number of novel tumor regulators.
- These screens have provided insights into cancer-related phenotypes.
- Diverse RNAi effector library approaches were used.
Conclusions:
- RNAi screens are powerful tools for discovering cancer gene regulators.
- Further research can leverage these findings for targeted cancer therapies.
- The reviewed screens highlight the utility of RNAi in cancer research.
Related Concept Videos
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02:39lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs
In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
01:23RNA Interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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01:23RNA Interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
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Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which result in visible changes...
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which result in visible changes...