Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol abuse, or...

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction

Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...

Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Varicose veins, or varicosities, develop when the valves in the veins, which control blood flow, weaken or damage. It causes blood to pool and the veins to enlarge. Understanding the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management options for varicose veins is crucial for effective treatment and relief.Clinical manifestationsClinical manifestations of varicose veins include a heavy, achy feeling or pain after prolonged standing or sitting. This discomfort can often be relieved by...

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care

Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...

Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management

Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management

Medical treatment strategies for peptic ulcers encompass various methods. The primary goal of treatment is to diminish gastric acidity and strengthen mucosal defense mechanisms.
The therapeutic approach involves ensuring adequate rest, implementing drug therapy, promoting smoking cessation, making dietary modifications, and emphasizing long-term follow-up care.
Pharmacological management
The prevailing therapy for peptic ulcers involves a combination of managing the patient's current medication...

Varicose Veins I: Introduction

Varicose Veins I: Introduction

Varicose veins, or varicosities, are abnormally dilated and twisted superficial veins caused by venous valve incompetence. This condition commonly affects the lower extremities, especially the saphenous veins, due to the higher pressure from prolonged standing and walking. However, varicosities can also occur in other areas, such as the esophagus, vulva, spermatic cords, and anorectal region.Etiology and typesPrimary varicose veins, often idiopathic, are more common in women due to inherent...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Prediction of the presence of esophageal varices using spleen stiffness measurement by transient elastography in cirrhotic patients.

Acta gastro-enterologica Belgica·2019

Same author

Acute severe pulmonary toxicity due to biosimilar infliximab in a Crohn's disease patient.

Gastroenterologia y hepatologia·2018

Same author

Evaluation of the efficacy of therapeutic endoscopy in gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to angiodysplasias.

Revista de gastroenterologia de Mexico·2016

Same author

Pulmonary hypertension and hepatic cirrhosis.

Revista clinica espanola·2015

Same author

[Nutrition acute pancreatitis].

Nutricion hospitalaria·2012

Same author

Survival of patients with cirrhosis after acute variceal bleeding.

Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas·2009

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy

Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy

Published on: June 18, 2020

[Pre-primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding].

R González-Alonso¹, E Garrido Gómez, A Albillos Martínez

¹Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid.

Revista Espanola De Enfermedades Digestivas

|February 23, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Preventing gastroesophageal varices in portal hypertension is crucial. While early vasoconstrictor use shows promise in models, clinical trials for beta-blockers in preventing varices have been unsuccessful.

More Related Videos

Underwater Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy for Gastroesophageal Varices

Underwater Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy for Gastroesophageal Varices

Published on: August 1, 2025

Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy Assisted by Cyanoacrylate and Clips for Gastroesophageal Varices

Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy Assisted by Cyanoacrylate and Clips for Gastroesophageal Varices

Published on: June 13, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy

Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy

Published on: June 18, 2020

Underwater Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy for Gastroesophageal Varices

Underwater Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy for Gastroesophageal Varices

Published on: August 1, 2025

Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy Assisted by Cyanoacrylate and Clips for Gastroesophageal Varices

Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy Assisted by Cyanoacrylate and Clips for Gastroesophageal Varices

Published on: June 13, 2025

Area of Science:

Hepatology
Vascular Biology
Gastroenterology

Context:

Portal hypertension leads to serious gastroesophageal varices.
Increased portal pressure (≥10 mmHg) drives variceal formation.
Splanchnic hyperemia and collateral vessel formation (angiogenesis, remodeling) contribute significantly.

Purpose:

To explore strategies for pre-primary prophylaxis of gastroesophageal varices.
To investigate the efficacy of early interventions in preventing portosystemic collateral formation.

Summary:

Portosystemic collateral formation is a critical complication of portal hypertension.
Experimental models show that early administration of splanchnic vasoconstrictors (beta-blockers, nitric oxide synthesis inhibitors, antiangiogenic agents) can inhibit collateral development.
However, clinical trials using beta-blockers in cirrhotic patients without varices have failed to prevent their formation.

Impact:

Highlights a discrepancy between experimental findings and clinical outcomes in variceal prevention.
Suggests a need for novel therapeutic targets and strategies for pre-primary prophylaxis of gastroesophageal varices.
Informs future research directions for managing portal hypertension complications.