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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Administration of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in Adolescent and Adult Mice
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Marijuana dependence and its treatment.

Alan J Budney1, Roger Roffman, Robert S Stephens

  • 1Center for Addiction Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA. ajbudney@uams.edu

Addiction Science & Clinical Practice
|February 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Marijuana abuse is rising in the US. This review covers marijuana dependence, research findings, and treatment options, highlighting knowledge gaps and future research directions.

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Area of Science:

  • Addiction Medicine
  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Increasing prevalence of marijuana abuse and dependence disorders in US adults and adolescents.
  • Growing public health concern regarding the long-term effects of cannabis use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted problems associated with marijuana use.
  • To examine the unique characteristics of marijuana dependence.
  • To synthesize findings from laboratory research and clinical treatment trials.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of existing studies on marijuana abuse and dependence.
  • Analysis of laboratory research data on cannabis effects.
  • Evaluation of outcomes from marijuana treatment trials.

Main Results:

  • Identification of specific challenges and characteristics related to marijuana dependence.
  • Summary of current evidence from preclinical and clinical research.
  • Assessment of the efficacy of existing treatment interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Significant knowledge gaps remain in understanding marijuana dependence and its treatment.
  • Further research is crucial for developing effective clinical interventions.
  • Addressing the rising prevalence requires a multi-pronged approach combining research and public health strategies.