Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Mechanism of Angiogenesis01:10

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...
Vascular Spasm01:16

Vascular Spasm

The vascular phase, also known as vasospasm, is the initial stage of hemostasis, crucial for preventing excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. After a vessel is cut, nerves in the damaged area trigger pain and other sensory impulses. Simultaneously, the smooth muscles in the vessel wall contract, resulting in a vascular spasm. This contraction reduces the vessel's diameter at the injury site, slowing or stopping blood loss through the vessel wall. Vascular spasms typically last for...
Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
Overview of the Vascular System01:20

Overview of the Vascular System

The vascular system comprises an extensive network of arteries, capillaries, and veins. The vascular system can be broadly divided into the blood and lymphatic systems. Typically, blood vessels can be categorized into three histological regions: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. The tunica intima consists of a single layer of endothelial cells attached to the basal lamina. Underlying the basal lamina is a connective tissue layer and an elastic lamina that gives stability and...
Vascular Resistance01:20

Vascular Resistance

Vascular resistance is a critical concept in understanding blood flow dynamics in the circulatory system. It refers to the resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the blood vessels. This resistance is a key factor in determining blood pressure and cardiac workload.
The primary determinants of vascular resistance are vessel diameter, blood viscosity, and vessel length. Among these, vessel diameter plays the most significant role due to the fourth power relationship described by...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Global burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease attributable to tobacco, 1990-2023, and projected trends to 2038.

Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders·2026
Same author

Targeting Phosphatidylserine in Advanced Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinomas: A Phase 2 Trial of Bavituximab Plus Pembrolizumab with Biomarker-Correlated Outcomes.

Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.)·2026
Same author

TM4SF1-Directed Antibody-Drug Conjugates Selectively Destroy Newly Formed Blood Vessels Induced by VEGF-A.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Stroke and HIV: Emerging mechanisms and management in a changing epidemic.

International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society·2026
Same author

Epstein-Barr virus reactivation as a trigger in autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2025
Same author

Surface electrical impedance myography detects disease in an adult-onset SOD1-G93A zebrafish model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Scientific reports·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Evaluating Vascular Hyperpermeability-inducing Agents in the Skin with the Miles Assay
08:43

Evaluating Vascular Hyperpermeability-inducing Agents in the Skin with the Miles Assay

Published on: June 19, 2018

Vascular permeability, vascular hyperpermeability and angiogenesis.

Janice A Nagy1, Laura Benjamin, Huiyan Zeng

  • 1Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. jnagy@bidmc.harvard.edu

Angiogenesis
|February 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Vascular permeability, essential for nutrient and waste transport, differs in definition and measurement. This review distinguishes three types: basal, acute, and chronic, mediated by factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A).

More Related Videos

An in vivo Assay to Test Blood Vessel Permeability
07:03

An in vivo Assay to Test Blood Vessel Permeability

Published on: March 16, 2013

High-Throughput Bioprinting Method for Modeling Vascular Permeability in Standard Six-well Plates with Size and Pattern Flexibility
07:41

High-Throughput Bioprinting Method for Modeling Vascular Permeability in Standard Six-well Plates with Size and Pattern Flexibility

Published on: August 16, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Evaluating Vascular Hyperpermeability-inducing Agents in the Skin with the Miles Assay
08:43

Evaluating Vascular Hyperpermeability-inducing Agents in the Skin with the Miles Assay

Published on: June 19, 2018

An in vivo Assay to Test Blood Vessel Permeability
07:03

An in vivo Assay to Test Blood Vessel Permeability

Published on: March 16, 2013

High-Throughput Bioprinting Method for Modeling Vascular Permeability in Standard Six-well Plates with Size and Pattern Flexibility
07:41

High-Throughput Bioprinting Method for Modeling Vascular Permeability in Standard Six-well Plates with Size and Pattern Flexibility

Published on: August 16, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The vascular system's primary role is nutrient supply and waste removal, requiring controlled permeability for molecular exchange.
  • Discrepancies exist in defining and measuring vascular permeability between physiologists and vascular biologists.
  • Vascular permeability significantly increases in pathological conditions like inflammation, cancer, and wound healing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and reconcile conflicting views on vascular permeability definitions and measurement methodologies.
  • To distinguish and characterize three distinct types of vascular permeability.
  • To identify gene products influencing vascular permeability and their roles in different permeability types.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of conflicting definitions and methodologies in vascular permeability research.
  • Analysis of existing data to distinguish types of vascular permeability based on microvessels, extravasate composition, and crossing pathways.
  • Compilation and classification of gene products affecting vascular permeability in genetically modified mouse models.

Main Results:

  • Both physiological and biological perspectives offer complementary insights into vascular permeability.
  • Three distinct types of vascular permeability are identified: basal vascular permeability (BVP), acute vascular hyperpermeability (AVH), and chronic vascular hyperpermeability (CVH).
  • At least 25 gene products influencing vascular permeability have been identified, with varying roles in BVP, AVH, and CVH.

Conclusions:

  • Reconciliation of differing views enhances understanding of vascular permeability.
  • The three identified types of vascular permeability (BVP, AVH, CVH) provide a framework for studying vascular function and dysfunction.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the signaling pathways of identified gene products in mediating different vascular permeability types.