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Inflammation

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Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents

Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...

Atherosclerosis III: Management

Atherosclerosis III: Management

Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein

Published on: October 12, 2017

Lipoprotein(a) and atherosclerosis.

A M Scanu¹, R M Lawn, K Berg

¹Departmetn of Medicine, University of California, School of Medicine, Davis.

Annals of Internal Medicine

|August 1, 1991

Summary

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a particle linked to cardiovascular disease risk. Research shows Lp(a) may be thrombogenic and atherogenic, prompting calls for standardized Lp(a) level testing in at-risk patients.

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Biology
Lipid Metabolism
Molecular Genetics

Background:

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] interest has surged due to structural and molecular biology advances.
Lp(a) is an LDL-like particle with apolipoprotein B-100 linked to apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)].

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent findings on Lp(a) structure, function, and clinical relevance.
To highlight the association between Lp(a) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Main Methods:

Review of multidisciplinary research including structural biology, molecular biology, and epidemiology.
Analysis of Lp(a) particle composition, genetic basis, and in vitro functional studies.

Main Results:

Apo(a) size polymorphism influences Lp(a) plasma levels and density.

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Last Updated: May 2, 2026

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein

Published on: October 12, 2017

Quantification of Atherosclerosis in Mice

Quantification of Atherosclerosis in Mice

Published on: June 12, 2019

Isolation and Analysis of Plasma Lipoproteins by Ultracentrifugation

Isolation and Analysis of Plasma Lipoproteins by Ultracentrifugation

Published on: January 28, 2021

Lp(a) shares similarities with plasminogen, potentially impacting coagulation and fibrinolysis.

High Lp(a) levels correlate with increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease incidence, particularly in younger individuals.

Conclusions:

Lp(a) may contribute to thrombosis and atherosclerosis, with mechanisms requiring further definition.
Lp(a) presence in arterial intima suggests endothelial transmigration and localized atherothrombotic potential.
Standardization of Lp(a) level determination is needed for clinical application.