Related Experiment Videos
Prevalence and factors associated with CKD: a population study from Beijing
LuXia Zhang1, PuHong Zhang, Fang Wang
1Institute of Nephrology and Division of Nephrology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
Summary
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 13.0% of adults in Beijing, representing 1.43 million individuals. Older age, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension are key risk factors for CKD in this population.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a significant global health challenge.
- Data on CKD prevalence in developing nations, including China, remain scarce.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of CKD among adults in Beijing, China.
- To identify factors associated with CKD in the Beijing adult population.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study was conducted on a representative sample of 13,925 adults in Beijing.
- CKD was defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m² or markers of kidney damage (albuminuria, hematuria).
- eGFR was calculated using a China-specific formula based on calibrated serum creatinine.
Main Results:
- The overall prevalence of CKD in Beijing adults was 13.0%, translating to an estimated 1.43 million affected individuals.
- CKD prevalence increased with age, ranging from 10.0% in 18-39 year olds to 30.5% in those over 70.
- Independent risk factors for decreased kidney function included older age, use of nephrotoxic medications, history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension (duration > 10 years), and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
Conclusions:
- CKD represents a substantial public health burden in Beijing.
- The study highlights the need for targeted interventions and further research on CKD in urban China.
- Limitations include reliance on single measurements for kidney function and damage indicators.
Related Concept Videos
01:25Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
01:28Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
01:24Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
01:28Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be estimated from serum creatinine using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula or the chronic kidney disease–epidemiology collaboration (CKD–EPI) equation. Both methods are widely used in clinical practice to assess kidney function and guide treatment decisions.The MDRD equation does not require weight or height measurements and is normalized to the body surface area of 1.73 m², considered the average adult surface area. This equation is...
01:30Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
01:20Study Designs in Epidemiology
Epidemiological study designs are fundamental tools for investigating the distribution, determinants, and control of health conditions in populations. They help researchers understand the relationships between exposures and outcomes, and they broadly fall into two categories: "observational" and "experimental" studies.
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies.
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies.