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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in preschool children

Laurence L Greenhill1, Kelly Posner, Brigette S Vaughan

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Unit 78, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA. greenhil@child.cpmc.columbia.edu

Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
|February 26, 2008
PubMed

Insights

Early identification of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in preschoolers is crucial. New data on pharmacotherapy and psychosocial interventions can guide treatment decisions for young children with ADHD.

Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Pediatric mental health

Background:

  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with childhood onset.
  • While often diagnosed in elementary school, ADHD symptoms can appear as early as age 3.
  • Limited data exist on the efficacy and long-term effects of ADHD treatments in preschoolers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of early ADHD identification in preschoolers.
  • To review available data on safe and effective treatments for preschoolers with ADHD.
  • To guide clinicians in treatment planning for young children with ADHD and their families.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing epidemiologic data on ADHD onset.
  • Analysis of current research on pharmacotherapy for preschoolers with ADHD.
  • Evaluation of psychosocial intervention studies for preschool-aged children with ADHD.

Main Results:

  • ADHD frequently presents in children as young as 3 years old.
  • Pharmacotherapy and psychosocial interventions show promise for preschoolers with ADHD.
  • Understanding comorbidities and developmental course is essential for treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Early recognition and diagnosis of ADHD in preschoolers are vital.
  • Emerging data support the safety and efficacy of interventions for young children with ADHD.
  • A developmental perspective and consideration of comorbidities are key to effective treatment planning.

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