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Related Experiment Videos

Psychopharmacological interventions.

Joseph Biederman1, Thomas J Spencer

  • 1Pediatric Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 32 Fruit Street, Yaw 6A, Boston, MA 02114, USA. biederman@helix.mgh.harvard.edu

Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
|February 26, 2008
PubMed
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Stimulants and atomoxetine effectively treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in 50-70% of individuals, improving behavior, cognition, and functioning. Long-term studies confirm sustained benefits across diverse populations.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder.
  • Established pharmacological treatments include stimulants and atomoxetine.
  • Over 170 controlled studies involving more than 9000 subjects confirm treatment efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the established efficacy and characteristics of stimulant and atomoxetine treatments for ADHD.
  • To explore the impact of these treatments on various aspects of functioning.
  • To discuss the influence of age, comorbidities, and long-term treatment responses.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of controlled studies on ADHD pharmacotherapy.
  • Analysis of data regarding efficacy rates, dosing, and functional improvements.

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  • Inclusion of findings from both short-term and long-term studies.

    • Main Results:

    • Stimulants and atomoxetine demonstrate efficacy in 50% to 70% of individuals with ADHD.
    • Stimulant efficacy often shows a dose-related improvement, while atomoxetine is typically weight-dosed.
    • Benefits extend beyond core ADHD symptoms to include self-esteem, cognition, and social/family functioning.

    Conclusions:

    • Pharmacological treatments are effective for ADHD, with varying efficacy based on individual factors.
    • Long-term studies indicate persistent treatment response.
    • Combined approaches, including psychotherapy, may address behavioral and comorbid issues.