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Related Concept Videos

Bandpass Sampling01:17

Bandpass Sampling

In signal processing, bandpass sampling is an effective technique for sampling signals that have most of their energy concentrated within a narrow frequency band. This type of signal is known as a bandpass signal. The key principle of bandpass sampling involves sampling the signal at a rate that is greater than twice the signal's bandwidth to prevent aliasing.
A bandpass signal has a spectrum with a lower frequency limit, denoted as ω1, and an upper frequency limit, denoted as ω2. The spectrum...
Upsampling01:22

Upsampling

Managing signal sampling rates is essential in digital signal processing to maintain signal integrity. A decimated signal, characterized by a reduced frequency range due to its lower sampling rate, can be upsampled by inserting zeros between each sample. This upsampling process expands the original spectrum and introduces repeated spectral replicas at intervals dictated by the new Nyquist frequency. To refine this zero-inserted sequence, it is passed through a lowpass filter with a cutoff...
Downsampling01:20

Downsampling

When considering a sampled sequence with zero values between sampling instants, one can replace it by taking every N-th value of the sequence. At these integer multiples of N, the original and sampled sequences coincide. This process, known as decimation, involves extracting every N-th sample from a sequence, thereby creating a more efficient sequence.
The Fourier transform of the decimated sequence reveals a combination of scaled and shifted versions of the original spectrum. This...
Encoding01:19

Encoding

Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
Convolution: Math, Graphics, and Discrete Signals01:24

Convolution: Math, Graphics, and Discrete Signals

In any LTI (Linear Time-Invariant) system, the convolution of two signals is denoted using a convolution operator, assuming all initial conditions are zero. The convolution integral can be divided into two parts: the zero-input or natural response and the zero-state or forced response, with t0 indicating the initial time.
To simplify the convolution integral, it is assumed that both the input signal and impulse response are zero for negative time values. The graphical convolution process...
Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Swin-PSAxialNet: An Efficient Multi-Organ Segmentation Technique
04:48

Swin-PSAxialNet: An Efficient Multi-Organ Segmentation Technique

Published on: July 5, 2024

Adaptive entropy coded subband coding of images.

Y H Kim1, J W Modestino

  • 1Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY.

IEEE Transactions on Image Processing : a Publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces 2-D entropy-constrained subband coding (ECSBC) for efficient data compression. An adaptive version (ECSBC/AEC) effectively manages fixed-rate channels, minimizing buffer issues while maintaining high performance.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Swin-PSAxialNet: An Efficient Multi-Organ Segmentation Technique
04:48

Swin-PSAxialNet: An Efficient Multi-Organ Segmentation Technique

Published on: July 5, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Digital Signal Processing
  • Image Compression
  • Information Theory

Background:

  • Entropy-constrained vector quantization (ECVQ) schemes have advanced data compression.
  • Subband coding (SBC) is a technique for efficient signal representation.
  • Variable-rate data compression is crucial for diverse communication channels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel 2-D entropy-constrained subband coding (ECSBC) design approach.
  • To evaluate the performance of different 2-D ECSBC configurations.
  • To introduce an adaptive ECSBC (ECSBC/AEC) for fixed-rate channels.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the 2-D ECSBC framework based on ECVQ.
  • Compression of quantizer outputs using noiseless entropy coding (Huffman, arithmetic codes).
  • Implementation and evaluation of three representative 2-D ECSBC schemes.
  • Design of an adaptive buffer instrumented version (2-D ECSBC/AEC).

Main Results:

  • The 2-D ECSBC framework allows derivation of various SBC schemes.
  • Performance evaluations show the effectiveness of representative 2-D ECSBC types.
  • The 2-D ECSBC/AEC scheme successfully eliminates buffer overflow/underflow issues.
  • ECSBC/AEC achieves performance comparable to ideal 2-D ECSBC systems.

Conclusions:

  • The 2-D ECSBC approach offers a flexible and powerful framework for image and signal compression.
  • The adaptive ECSBC/AEC provides a robust solution for fixed-rate transmission, maintaining high compression efficiency.
  • This work contributes to the advancement of efficient and adaptive data compression techniques.