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Junji Terao1, Yoshichika Kawai, Kaeko Murota

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Dietary quercetin from onions may prevent cardiovascular disease. While not significantly boosting plasma antioxidant activity, quercetin metabolites accumulate in atherosclerotic aorta tissue, acting as targeted antioxidants.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Biochemistry
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Dietary flavonoids, like quercetin, show potential in preventing atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
  • Oxidative stress, particularly oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) accumulation, is a key factor in atherosclerosis development.
  • Quercetin, abundant in onions, is investigated for its anti-atherosclerotic effects, focusing on its bioavailability and targeted action.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the anti-atherosclerotic effects of quercetin, a major flavonoid in onions.
  • To examine the bioavailability, translocation, and antioxidant activity of quercetin metabolites in the vascular system.
  • To determine if quercetin metabolites accumulate in atherosclerotic tissues and contribute to antioxidant defense.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of quercetin metabolism and distribution in human plasma and LDL fractions after dietary intake.
  • Assessment of plasma antioxidant activity against LDL oxidation following onion consumption.
  • Administration of quercetin glucoside to rabbits on a high-cholesterol diet to study aortic tissue accumulation and antioxidant effects.
  • Detection of quercetin metabolites in human atherosclerotic aorta samples.

Main Results:

  • Quercetin metabolites in human blood primarily bind to plasma albumin, not LDL.
  • Onion consumption did not significantly enhance plasma antioxidant activity against LDL oxidation.
  • Quercetin metabolites were found to accumulate in the aorta tissue of rabbits fed quercetin glucoside and a high-cholesterol diet.
  • Quercetin metabolites were exclusively detected in human atherosclerotic aorta, indicating targeted accumulation.

Conclusions:

  • Quercetin metabolites circulating in plasma are insufficient to provide significant in vivo antioxidant effects against LDL oxidation.
  • Quercetin metabolites accumulate in the aorta, particularly in atherosclerotic regions, suggesting a role as localized antioxidants.
  • Plasma albumin likely acts as a carrier for the translocation of quercetin metabolites to vascular targets, where they exert antioxidant activity under oxidative stress.