Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Investigating the Effects of Probiotics on Pneumococcal Colonization Using an In Vitro Adherence Assay
09:20

Investigating the Effects of Probiotics on Pneumococcal Colonization Using an In Vitro Adherence Assay

Published on: April 28, 2014

A meta-analysis of interventions to increase adherence to medication regimens for pediatric otitis media and

Yelena P Wu1, Michael C Roberts

  • 1Clinical Child Psychology Program, 2011 Dole Human Development Center, University of Kansas, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045-7555, USA. yelenawu@ku.edu

Journal of Pediatric Psychology
|February 26, 2008
PubMed

Insights

Combination interventions improve medication adherence in children with acute illnesses. Educational interventions alone were ineffective, while indirect adherence measures showed greater improvements.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric pharmacology
  • Public health interventions
  • Evidence-based medicine

Background:

  • Medication adherence is crucial for treating acute childhood illnesses like otitis media and streptococcal pharyngitis.
  • Effective interventions are needed to improve adherence rates and optimize treatment outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively synthesize adherence intervention literature for pediatric acute illnesses.
  • To examine adherence changes based on outcome measures and intervention types.

Main Methods:

  • Meta-analysis of 12 interventions targeting medication adherence.
  • Analysis of effect sizes using homogeneity tests and ANOVA.

Main Results:

  • Combined interventions were more effective than single strategies.
  • Educational interventions alone did not improve adherence compared to controls.
  • Indirect adherence measures indicated greater improvements than direct measures.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is required to develop effective adherence interventions for short-term pediatric illnesses.
  • Optimizing medication adherence is key to improving health outcomes in children.
Abstract

Related Concept Videos

Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

Tonsillitis II: Management

This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
Streptococcal Pharyngitis01:27

Streptococcal Pharyngitis

Streptococcal pharyngitis, commonly known as “strep throat,” is an acute infection of the oropharyngeal tissues caused by the Gram‑positive Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, or talking.Mechanisms of Host Entry and Immune EvasionUpon entering the host, S. pyogenes adheres to the mucosal epithelial cells of the pharynx via surface proteins, notably lipoteichoic acid and the antiphagocytic...
Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches01:28

Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches

Designing a dosage regimen, which refers to the manner of drug administration, is a complex process involving the selection of drug dose, route, and frequency. This process is underpinned by pharmacokinetic parameters derived from tests and population averages. These parameters are then tailored to patient-specific variables such as diagnosis, demographics, and allergy status. Once therapy commences, therapeutic response monitoring is critical and achieved through clinical and physical...
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...