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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

Hypertension I: Introduction

Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(two-step method)01:23

Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(two-step method)

Measuring blood pressure is a fundamental skill in healthcare that aids in diagnosing and monitoring hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. An aneroid sphygmomanometer, commonly used in clinical settings, offers a manual and precise method for blood pressure measurement. The technique for using this instrument involves specific steps that must be carefully executed to ensure accuracy. The following detailed description outlines a two-step technique for assessing blood pressure using...
Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(one-step method)01:15

Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(one-step method)

This procedural guide systematically measures blood pressure using an oscillometric digital sphygmomanometer, emphasizing accuracy, patient safety, and comfort.
Prepare for the Procedure:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

A Pacing-Controlled Procedure for the Assessment of Heart Rate-Dependent Diastolic Functions in Murine Heart Failure Models
07:49

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Published on: July 21, 2023

Systolic dysfunction in urban Japan.

Mahmoud M Ramadan1, Yukiko Ohno, Yuji Okura

  • 1Division of Cardiology, First Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.

Circulation Journal : Official Journal of the Japanese Circulation Society
|February 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) increases with age, particularly in urban areas like Niigata City. Understanding these patterns is key for tailoring future heart failure prevention strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) is a growing concern in aging populations.
  • Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) is a primary cause of HF.
  • Characterizing LVSD patients is crucial for public health initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize adult outpatients (45-84 years) with LVSD in urban Niigata City.
  • To compare LVSD patient characteristics between urban (Niigata) and rural (Sado) Japanese communities.
  • To identify demographic and comorbidity patterns associated with LVSD.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 1,297 patients with LVSD (ejection fraction ≤50%) from 87,953 echocardiography records.
  • Data collected over a 5-year period from 15 hospitals in Niigata City.
  • Comparison of LVSD patient profiles between urban Niigata and rural Sado populations.

Main Results:

  • LVSD prevalence increases with age, reaching 1-2% in individuals ≥75 years.
  • Common comorbidities included hypertension (47%), myocardial ischemia (41%), and atrial fibrillation (34%).
  • Niigata patients were younger and had a higher prevalence of comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, cerebral stroke) than Sado patients.

Conclusions:

  • The rising prevalence of LVSD with age suggests a potential future epidemic.
  • Distinct patient characteristics and disease patterns exist between urban and rural settings.
  • Tailored preventive strategies for HF may be necessary for different community types.