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Related Concept Videos

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0, resulting in...
Semiconductors01:22

Semiconductors

There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
Metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), or lead (Pb) have low resistivity and feature conduction bands that are either not fully occupied or overlap with the valence band, making a bandgap non-existent. This allows electrons in the highest energy levels of the valence band to easily transition to the conduction band upon gaining...
Types of Semiconductors01:20

Types of Semiconductors

Intrinsic semiconductors are highly pure materials with no impurities. At absolute zero, these semiconductors behave as perfect insulators because all the valence electrons are bound, and the conduction band is empty, disallowing electrical conduction. The Fermi level is a concept used to describe the probability of occupancy of energy levels by electrons at thermal equilibrium. In intrinsic semiconductors, the Fermi level is positioned at the midpoint of the energy gap at absolute zero. When...
Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:24

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

The contact of metal and semiconductor can lead to the formation of a junction with either Schottky or Ohmic behavior.
Schottky Barriers
Schottky barriers arise when a metal with a work function (Φm) contacts a semiconductor with a different work function (Φs). Initially, electrons transfer until the Fermi levels of the metal and semiconductor align at equilibrium. For instance, if Φm > Φs, the semiconductor Fermi level is higher than the metal's before contact. The semiconductor's...
Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:27

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Biasing metal-semiconductor junctions involves applying a voltage across the junction. Specifically, the metal is connected to a voltage source, while the semiconductor is grounded. This technique is essential for controlling the direction and magnitude of current flow in electronic devices, including diodes, transistors, and photovoltaic cells.
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Field Effect Transistor01:29

Field Effect Transistor

Field-effect transistors (FETs) are integral to electronic circuits and distinguished by their three-terminal setup: the gate, drain, and source. These transistors operate as unipolar devices, which utilize either electrons or holes as charge carriers, in contrast to bipolar transistors, which use both types of carriers. The primary function of the FET is to modulate the flow of these carriers from the source to the drain through a channel. The voltage difference between the gate and source...

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Concurrent Quantitative Conductivity and Mechanical Properties Measurements of Organic Photovoltaic Materials using AFM
08:59

Concurrent Quantitative Conductivity and Mechanical Properties Measurements of Organic Photovoltaic Materials using AFM

Published on: January 23, 2013

Field-effect-modulated Seebeck coefficient in organic semiconductors.

K P Pernstich1, B Rössner, B Batlogg

  • 1Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. pernstich@mat.ethz.ch

Nature Materials
|February 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers measured the Seebeck coefficient in organic semiconductors, finding it comparable to inorganic materials. This reveals similar charge transport mechanisms and band-like quasiparticle behavior in both organic and inorganic semiconductors.

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Area of Science:

  • Organic electronics
  • Semiconductor physics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Charge and energy transport in organic semiconductors are crucial for device operation.
  • The Seebeck coefficient (S) offers insights into charge carrier dynamics and electronic contributions.
  • Understanding these properties is key to advancing organic electronic and optoelectronic technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure the temperature- and carrier-density-dependent thermopower in organic semiconductors.
  • To investigate the nature of charge carrier transport in these materials.
  • To compare transport mechanisms in organic and inorganic semiconductors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a field-effect geometry to modulate the chemical potential in organic semiconductor crystals and thin films.
  • Measured the Seebeck coefficient (S) as a function of temperature and carrier density.
  • Analyzed thermopower data to understand charge and entropy transport.

Main Results:

  • Successfully measured temperature- and carrier-density-dependent thermopower in two prototypical organic semiconductors.
  • Observed Seebeck coefficients within the range typical for inorganic semiconductors.
  • Demonstrated that charge and entropy transport can be described by band-like transport of quasiparticles with scattering and in-gap trap states.

Conclusions:

  • Organic and inorganic semiconductors exhibit surprisingly similar charge transport mechanisms.
  • Band-like transport of quasiparticles, influenced by scattering and trap states, governs charge and entropy transport in these organic materials.
  • The Seebeck coefficient is a valuable tool for characterizing charge transport in organic electronics.