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Related Concept Videos

Asepsis01:28

Asepsis

The condition of being free from disease-causing living pathogens is asepsis. Aseptic techniques include a set of standard practices to achieve asepsis. An example is the regular environmental cleaning of all parts of the healthcare facility and hand hygiene at home before preparing or eating food. Medical and surgical asepsis in healthcare practice protects patients from harmful pathogens, minimizes the risk of contamination of susceptible sites, and reduces the risk of infection transmission.
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
Hand hygiene01:23

Hand hygiene

Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
Hand washing...
Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test01:26

Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test

A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...
Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies. Common...
Infection01:20

Infection

When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression
07:30

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression

Published on: June 15, 2019

Sepsis: from bench to bedside.

Eliézer Silva1, Rogério Da Hora Passos, Maurício Beller Ferri

  • 1Research Division, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. elisilva@uol.com.br

Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil)
|February 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Sepsis, a severe infection response causing organ dysfunction, has high mortality despite research. Early recognition, antibiotics, and targeted therapies are crucial for managing this life-threatening condition.

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression
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Direct Microbial Identification using An Automated Microbial Identification System to Facilitate the EUCAST RAST Method Without Mass Spectrometry
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Direct Microbial Identification using An Automated Microbial Identification System to Facilitate the EUCAST RAST Method Without Mass Spectrometry

Published on: May 24, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection.
  • It involves complex immune responses, leading to widespread inflammation and potential multi-organ failure.
  • Despite advances, sepsis mortality remains high, necessitating improved understanding and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review research efforts in identifying sepsis risk factors, including genetic and pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • To explore strategies for early recognition and timely treatment of sepsis.
  • To discuss the challenges and limited success of immunomodulatory agents in reducing sepsis mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on sepsis pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatment strategies.
  • Analysis of preclinical and clinical trial outcomes for immunomodulatory agents.
  • Examination of current clinical management protocols for sepsis.

Main Results:

  • Numerous immunomodulatory agents have shown limited success in reducing sepsis mortality in clinical trials, despite promising preclinical data.
  • Current management focuses on prompt infection source identification, early antibiotic administration, and goal-directed resuscitation.
  • Research is ongoing to identify genetic and pathophysiological risk factors for improved patient stratification and treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Sepsis remains a major clinical challenge with high morbidity and mortality.
  • Effective immunomodulatory therapies are still lacking, highlighting the need for further research.
  • Early detection, prompt antibiotic treatment, and supportive care are critical for improving outcomes in sepsis patients.