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Related Concept Videos

Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules. They dictate several bulk properties, such as melting points, boiling points, and solubilities (miscibilities) of substances. Molar mass, molecular shape, and polarity affect the strength of different intermolecular forces, which influence the magnitude of physical properties across a family of molecules.
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Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
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Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
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Self-consistent field theory for lipid-based liquid crystals: hydrogen bonding effect.

Won Bo Lee1, Raffaele Mezzenga, Glenn H Fredrickson

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|February 27, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study models self-assembly in lipid-water systems using self-consistent field theory (SCFT). Hydrogen bonding is key to understanding phase behavior, matching experimental results for monoolein-water mixtures.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Nonionic lipid-water systems exhibit complex lyotropic and thermotropic phase behavior.
  • Understanding self-assembly is crucial for applications in drug delivery and nanotechnology.
  • Hydrogen bonding between lipid headgroups and water significantly influences phase transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a theoretical model for predicting the self-assembly of aqueous nonionic lipid blends.
  • To investigate the role of reversible hydrogen bonding in lipid-water phase behavior.
  • To simulate and analyze the phase diagrams of systems like monoolein-water.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a self-consistent field theory (SCFT) model.
  • Incorporation of reversible hydrogen bonding within the grand canonical ensemble.
  • Explicit treatment of water molecules and modeling of lipid structure (rigid head, flexible tail).
  • SCFT simulations to construct phase diagrams and analyze mesophase lattice parameters.

Main Results:

  • The SCFT model qualitatively captures the experimentally observed normal and reverse phase sequences in monoolein-water mixtures.
  • Phase diagrams were generated for both temperature-independent and dependent interaction parameters.
  • Simulated mesophase lattice parameters showed semi-quantitative agreement with experimental data.

Conclusions:

  • Reversible hydrogen bonding is a critical factor governing the self-assembly and phase behavior of lipid-water systems.
  • The developed SCFT model provides a valuable tool for predicting and understanding lipid-water mesophase formation.
  • Further investigations can explore the impact of various structural and solution parameters on phase diagrams.