Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Menopause

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...

Bone Disorders

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

Bone Remodeling

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...

Hormones and Bone Tissue

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle. At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Polyatomic ions from a high current ion implanter driven by a liquid metal ion source.

The Review of scientific instruments·2018

Same author

["The Impact of Poverty on Elderly's Health in the District of Altona" Key Findings of The Second Altona Health Report].

Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany))·2015

Same author

Liquid metal alloy ion source based metal ion injection into a room-temperature electron beam ion source.

The Review of scientific instruments·2012

Same author

Magnetization dynamics of Landau structures: tuning the response of mesoscopic magnetic objects using defects.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2011

Same author

Further Experimental Justification For the Combination Therapy Strophanthin-Caffeine.

Helvetica medica acta·2010

Same author

Cardiac stays in a temperate climate.

Medecine et hygiene·2010

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Studies on the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Xiaoyao Pills in The Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Mice

Studies on the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Xiaoyao Pills in The Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Mice

Published on: August 23, 2024

Premenopausal osteoporosis.

L Bischoff¹, C T Derk

¹Division of Rheumatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. chris.derk@jefferson.edu

|February 27, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Guidelines for diagnosing and treating low bone mass in premenopausal women are lacking. Identifying secondary causes and risk factors is crucial for managing osteoporosis in this population.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Studies on the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Xiaoyao Pills in The Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Mice

Studies on the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Xiaoyao Pills in The Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Mice

Published on: August 23, 2024

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Bone Metabolism
Public Health

Background:

Osteoporosis poses a significant public health challenge, yet specific diagnostic and treatment guidelines for premenopausal women are absent.
Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and the World Health Organization's osteoporosis definition are not suitable for assessing bone density in premenopausal individuals.
Pharmacological interventions for premenopausal osteoporosis are limited due to the side-effect profiles and long half-lives of commonly used bisphosphonates.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the lack of diagnostic and treatment guidelines for low bone mass in premenopausal women.
To emphasize the importance of identifying secondary causes and risk factors for low bone mass in this demographic.
To discuss current limitations and future directions in managing premenopausal osteoporosis.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment in premenopausal women.
Analysis of the limitations of current diagnostic tools like DEXA for this population.
Identification of secondary causes and risk factors associated with low bone mass.

Main Results:

Premenopausal women lack specific diagnostic criteria and treatment guidelines for osteoporosis.
Secondary causes, including malnutrition, gastrointestinal/hepatic/endocrine disorders, and medications, contribute to low bone mass.
Effective management relies on identifying and addressing underlying conditions and risk factors.

Conclusions:

Accurate assessment and management of low bone mass in premenopausal women require addressing secondary causes and lifestyle factors.
Current pharmacological options are limited, necessitating research into newer, safer alternatives.
Improved diagnostic methods and therapeutic agents are needed for better evaluation and treatment of premenopausal osteoporosis.