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Development of Blood Vessels

Development of Blood Vessels

The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
The initial formation of this system is facilitated by the small amount of yolk present in the ovum and yolk sac. Blood vessels originate from...

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits. Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...

Overview of the Vascular System

Overview of the Vascular System

The vascular system comprises an extensive network of arteries, capillaries, and veins. The vascular system can be broadly divided into the blood and lymphatic systems. Typically, blood vessels can be categorized into three histological regions: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. The tunica intima consists of a single layer of endothelial cells attached to the basal lamina. Underlying the basal lamina is a connective tissue layer and an elastic lamina that gives stability and...

Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions

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The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...

Structure of Blood Vessels

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Blood is circulated throughout the human body through a network of blood vessels called the circulatory system. This system includes arteries that transport blood from the heart to various body parts. These arterial pathways divide into smaller vessels until they reach the arterioles, which further split into capillaries. It is within these minuscule capillaries that the exchange of nutrients and waste products takes place. After this exchange, the blood is collected by venules, which fuse to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Micropatterning and Assembly of 3D Microvessels

Micropatterning and Assembly of 3D Microvessels

Published on: September 9, 2016

Vascular lumen formation from a cell biological perspective.

Tomás Kucera¹, Jan Eglinger, Boris Strilić

¹Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstr 108, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.

Novartis Foundation Symposium

|February 28, 2008

Summary

Understanding vascular lumen formation is crucial. This review critically examines current models and highlights open questions, drawing parallels with other lumen-forming cell systems to advance endothelial cell biology research.

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An In Vitro 3D Model and Computational Pipeline to Quantify the Vasculogenic Potential of iPSC-Derived Endothelial Progenitors

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Published on: May 13, 2019

Area of Science:

Vascular biology
Cell biology
Biophysics

Background:

Endothelial cells possess an intrinsic capacity for tube and sprout formation, creating a central lumen.
The precise molecular mechanisms governing vascular lumen formation remain largely unelucidated.
Existing knowledge gaps hinder a comprehensive understanding of blood vessel development.

Purpose of the Study:

To critically evaluate current models of vascular lumen formation.
To identify and discuss unexplored questions in the field of vascular lumenogenesis.
To explore potential insights from non-vascular lumen-forming systems.

Main Methods:

Literature review and critical analysis of existing models.
Comparative analysis of lumen formation in endothelial cells, Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell cysts, and Drosophila tracheae.
Identification of key research questions and future directions.

Main Results:

Current models of vascular lumen formation present significant limitations and unanswered questions.
Comparative studies with MDCK cell cysts and Drosophila tracheae offer valuable insights into conserved lumen formation principles.
Several critical areas require further investigation, including cell-matrix interactions, cell-cell junction dynamics, and intracellular transport mechanisms.

Conclusions:

A deeper understanding of vascular lumen formation requires integrating knowledge from diverse biological systems.
Addressing fundamental questions in cell biology is essential for advancing vascular research.
Future research should focus on elucidating the molecular and biophysical mechanisms driving lumen development in endothelial cells.