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Related Concept Videos

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments01:30

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over short distances...
Distance Measurements by Taping01:18

Distance Measurements by Taping

Tapes are essential in surveying for accurate, durable, and short-distance measurements. Made from lightweight, nylon-coated steel, they offer flexibility and strength for rugged outdoor use. The nylon coating protects against rust and wear, extending the tape's life. Standard lengths, around 30 meters, are marked in meters and millimeters for precision.Surveyors select tapes based on site conditions and accuracy needs. Lightweight, nylon-coated tapes are commonly used for ease of handling and...
Design Example: Measuring Distance Between Two Points with Obstructions01:10

Design Example: Measuring Distance Between Two Points with Obstructions

When measuring distances in areas with physical obstructions, such as a lake in a field, surveyors must employ techniques to calculate accurate lengths without direct line measurements. One effective method is the offset technique, which allows for precise distance estimation over inaccessible stretches.In this scenario, a surveyor must measure a side of an area that crosses a lake. Since the measuring tape cannot span the lake, the surveyor begins by establishing a baseline that aligns with...
Uncertainty in Measurement: Reading Instruments02:46

Uncertainty in Measurement: Reading Instruments

Counting is the type of measurement that is free from uncertainty, provided the number of objects being counted does not change during the process. Such measurements result in exact numbers. By counting the eggs in a carton, for instance, one can determine exactly how many eggs are there in the carton. Similarly, the numbers of defined quantities are also exact. For example, 1 foot is exactly 12 inches, 1 inch is exactly 2.54 centimeters, and 1 gram is exactly 0.001 kilograms. Quantities...
Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling01:26

Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling

During leveling, the Earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction introduce deviations in the line of sight from a true horizontal reference. When the line of sight is leveled, it remains perpendicular to the plumb line only at a single point. Beyond this, it deviates due to the Earth’s curvature, represented by the correction C. For a sight distance D, the deviation can be derived using the relationship:This relationship shows that the deviation increases quadratically with distance. Over a...
Distance Corrections01:15

Distance Corrections

To achieve precise distance measurements, especially in surveying and construction, certain corrections must be applied to account for potential sources of error like the standardization errors, temperature variations, and slope adjustments.Standardization error emerges when measurement equipment undergoes changes, such as wear, repairs, or weather impacts. To address this, surveyors compare the equipment’s readings to a standard. This process identifies any deviation that might lead to...

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Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection
16:11

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

Published on: April 26, 2014

Absolute distance measurement with an optical feedback interferometer.

F Gouaux, N Servagent, T Bosch

    Applied Optics
    |February 28, 2008
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study enhances laser distance measurement accuracy using the self-mixing effect in laser diodes. By analyzing beat frequencies, it achieves millimeter-level resolution for precise range-finding applications.

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    Published on: August 12, 2013

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Laser Physics
    • Metrology

    Background:

    • Self-mixing interferometry utilizes laser diodes for sensing.
    • Frequency-modulated laser diodes are key components in laser velocimetry and range-finding.
    • Optical feedback into a laser diode cavity causes measurable power variations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To theoretically analyze the self-mixing effect in frequency-modulated laser diodes.
    • To improve the accuracy of laser distance measurement using this effect.
    • To investigate the impact of thermal effects on measurement resolution.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical analysis of optical power variations.
    • Determination of beat frequencies generated by optical feedback.
    • Implementation of a laser diode system for distance measurement.

    Main Results:

    • A theoretical framework for understanding self-mixing beat frequencies was developed.
    • The study achieved a distance measurement resolution of approximately 1.5 mm.
    • Accurate measurements were obtained over a range of 50 cm to 2 m.

    Conclusions:

    • The self-mixing effect in laser diodes offers a viable method for high-accuracy distance measurement.
    • Analyzing beat frequencies is crucial for enhancing measurement precision.
    • Accounting for thermal effects is important for optimizing laser range-finding systems.