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Related Concept Videos

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors01:22

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors

Antiviral Nucleoside InhibitorsAntiviral nucleoside inhibitors are structural analogs of natural nucleosides that interfere with viral DNA or RNA synthesis. These compounds selectively target viral polymerases due to their resemblance to host nucleosides, thereby disrupting viral genome replication.Mechanism of Acyclovir ActionAcyclovir is a guanosine analog with a three-carbon acyclic side chain. It selectively targets herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2),...
Trichomoniasis01:18

Trichomoniasis

Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite and the causative agent of trichomoniasis, one of the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infections in the United States. This extracellular parasite primarily colonizes the lower genitourinary tract in women—particularly the vagina—and in men, the urethra and prostate. Its structural and functional adaptations enable its survival, motility, and pathogenicity within the host environment.Structural Features and Host EntryT.
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
Antiprotozoal Agents01:21

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...
Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
10:29

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Published on: May 9, 2025

Etravirine.

Bettina M Knoll1, Sandro Vento, Zelalem Temesgen

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.

Drugs of Today (Barcelona, Spain : 1998)
|February 28, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Etravirine (TMC 125) is a new non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) effective against drug-resistant HIV. Clinical trials show superior virological efficacy with manageable side effects, excluding rash.

Area of Science:

  • Antiviral drug development
  • HIV/AIDS research
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Novel non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) with potent activity against HIV strains resistant to existing NNRTIs.
  • Etravirine (TMC 125) is in late-stage clinical development and has received FDA fast-track designation.
  • Addresses a critical need for effective treatments in patients with multi-drug resistant HIV.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of etravirine in treatment-experienced HIV patients with confirmed NNRTI resistance.
  • To compare virological outcomes and adverse events between etravirine and placebo in a randomized controlled trial setting.

Main Methods:

  • Randomized, placebo-controlled trials involving patients with documented resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

More Related Videos

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
05:46

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
10:29

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Published on: May 9, 2025

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
05:46

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

  • Assessment of virological efficacy (e.g., viral load reduction) and safety profiles, including adverse event monitoring.

    • Main Results:

    • Etravirine demonstrated superior virological efficacy compared to placebo in the studied patient population.
    • Adverse event rates were comparable between etravirine and placebo, with rash being a notable exception.
    • No significant safety concerns beyond expected side effects were highlighted.

    Conclusions:

    • Etravirine shows promise as an effective therapeutic option for HIV patients with NNRTI resistance.
    • Careful consideration of drug interactions, particularly related to the cytochrome P450 system, is essential for clinical use.
    • Further research and clinical monitoring are warranted to fully understand its long-term safety and efficacy profile.