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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants01:22

Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants

Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy the...
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...

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Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture Evaluation in an Osteoporosis Mouse Model
06:59

Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture Evaluation in an Osteoporosis Mouse Model

Published on: September 8, 2023

Compromised bone marrow perfusion in osteoporosis.

James F Griffith1, David K W Yeung, Polly H Tsang

  • 1Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Organ Imaging, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong. griffith@cuhk.edu.hk

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
|February 28, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Bone blood flow is reduced in osteoporosis, particularly in the proximal femur. Increased bone marrow fat content correlates with decreased bone perfusion, impacting fracture risk.

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture Evaluation in an Osteoporosis Mouse Model
06:59

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Published on: September 8, 2023

Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model
07:12

Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model

Published on: September 28, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Radiology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Osteoporotic fractures commonly occur in the proximal femur.
  • Reduced bone blood flow may be linked to osteoporosis.
  • The proximal femur is susceptible to avascular necrosis and nonunion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD), bone marrow fat, and bone/muscle perfusion in the proximal femur.
  • To assess perfusion differences in osteoporotic versus non-osteoporotic subjects.

Main Methods:

  • 120 healthy postmenopausal women (mean age 74) underwent DXA, proton MR spectroscopy, and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of the proximal femur and thigh.
  • Measurements included BMD, bone marrow fat content, and perfusion indices (maximum enhancement, enhancement slope).

Main Results:

  • Osteoporotic subjects showed significantly reduced bone perfusion in the femoral head, neck, shaft, and acetabulum compared to osteopenic or normal BMD subjects.
  • Adductor muscle perfusion was unaffected by BMD.
  • Decreased bone marrow perfusion strongly correlated with increased bone marrow fat content (r=0.827).
  • Femoral head perfusion was lower than in the femoral neck, shaft, or acetabulum in normal BMD individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced bone perfusion is characteristic of osteoporosis in the proximal femur, independent of muscle perfusion.
  • Increased bone marrow fat, rather than reduced BMD alone, appears to drive the decrease in bone perfusion.
  • Findings highlight the role of vascular changes and marrow fat in osteoporosis pathophysiology.