Pediatric allergic rhinitis: current and future state of the art

Warner W Carr1

  • 1Allergy and Asthma Associates of Southern California, Viejo, California 92691, USA. warnercarr@hotmail.com

Insights

Pediatric allergic rhinitis (AR) significantly impacts children's lives and incurs costs. Effective treatments, including allergen avoidance, medications, and immune modulation, are available to manage this common condition.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent chronic condition in children.
  • AR negatively affects quality of life and exacerbates other health issues.
  • It imposes a substantial economic burden on healthcare systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review current and emerging treatments for pediatric allergic rhinitis.
  • To discuss therapeutic strategies for managing AR in the pediatric population.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing literature on pediatric AR management.
  • It covers established and novel therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective AR management.
  • Treatment options encompass allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy, and immune modulation.
  • The review discusses both current standards of care and future directions.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management strategies exist for pediatric allergic rhinitis.
  • Ongoing research promises advancements in treatment options.
  • Addressing pediatric AR is vital for improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs.

Related Concept Videos

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management01:30

Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management

The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...