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Updated: Jul 7, 2026

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
Published on: August 25, 2023
Self-relevant criteria determine the evaluation of outcomes induced by others
Shun Itagaki1, Jun'ichi Katayama
1Graduate School of Education , Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. itagaki@ardbeg.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Abstract:
The evaluation of whether an outcome is good or bad is reflected in feedback-related negativity (FRN), which is an event-related brain potential (ERP) component that is elicited by bad events. It is still, however, unclear how the FRN reflects the evaluation of outcomes induced by others. We focused on the relationship between self and other, and recorded ERPs during an alternative gambling task performed by two players (participant and virtual player). FRN was elicited not only by the losses of another in a cooperative situation but also by the gains of another in an antagonistic situation. These results indicate that FRN reflects the evaluation on the basis of one's own evaluative criteria, regardless of the monetary outcome for another.
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