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Related Concept Videos

Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin of...
Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
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Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

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Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
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Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

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Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization
17:14

Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization

Published on: December 10, 2012

Replication timing, chromosomal bands, and isochores.

Maria Costantini1, Giorgio Bernardi

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Evolution, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|February 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Chromosome replication timing in eukaryotes follows an early-late biphasic pattern. This study links replication timing to isochores, finding GC-rich isochores replicate early and GC-poor isochores replicate late.

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G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome
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G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome

Published on: March 22, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Chromosome replication timing is a fundamental process in the cell cycle, exhibiting a biphasic early-late pattern in eukaryotes.
  • Understanding the relationship between DNA sequence composition and replication timing is crucial for comprehending genome organization and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between chromosome replication timing and chromosomal bands at various resolutions (400, 850, and 3,200 isochores).
  • To determine if replication timing patterns observed in specific human chromosomes are representative of the entire human genome.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of high-resolution replication timing maps of human chromosomes 6, 11q, and 21q.
  • Correlation of replication timing data with chromosomal banding patterns at different resolutions, including isochore analysis.

Main Results:

  • Replicons within a single isochore consistently exhibit either early or late replication timing.
  • Early-replicating isochores are characterized by being short and GC-rich, while late-replicating isochores are long and GC-poor.
  • Replicons and isochores are often clustered, forming zones that can span high-resolution bands and, rarely, low-resolution bands.

Conclusions:

  • Replication timing is strongly associated with isochore composition (GC content and length).
  • The observed patterns suggest that isochore structure influences replication timing.
  • These findings are likely applicable to the entire human genome, aiding in the prediction of replication timing zones across all chromosomes.