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Types of Cement II

Types of Cement II

Portland blast-furnace cement is made by blending Portland cement clinker with granulated blast-furnace slag, which accounts for 25 to 65 percent of the cement's weight. Despite its similarities to ordinary Portland (Type I) cement in terms of fineness and setting times, its early strength is lower, though it achieves comparable strength later on. It's particularly suited for mass concrete structures and marine environments due to its lower heat of hydration and superior sulfate resistance.

Types of Cement I

Types of Cement I

Portland cement comes in several types, each with distinct properties and applications based on their chemical composition and hydration characteristics:
Type I (Ordinary Portland Cement) is widely used for general construction where special properties are not required. It has moderate sulfate resistance and heat of hydration.
Type II (Modified Cement) offers moderate resistance to sulfate attack and a lower rate of heat development compared to Type I. It is suitable for structures in...

Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Fiber-reinforced concrete significantly enhances the structural and nonstructural properties of traditional concrete by incorporating fibers like steel, glass, and polymers. These fibers, varying from natural ones such as sisal and cellulose to manufactured ones like polypropylene and Kevlar, are mixed into hydraulic cement with aggregates. Steel fibers, often preferred for their robustness, contribute to improved ductility, toughness, and post-cracking performance. The concrete is classified...

Porosity in Cement Paste

Porosity in Cement Paste

The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
The balance of water to cement in the mix is critical—it...

Fineness of Cement

Fineness of Cement

The fineness of cement directly influences the rate of hydration, as the hydration begins at the surface of the cement particles. In addition to hydration, the fineness of cement is vital for various properties of concrete including workability, gypsum requirement, and long-term behavior. The fineness of cement is represented in terms of the specific surface of cement which is typically measured in square meters per kilogram, with several methods available for this determination.
Direct...

Hydration of Cement

Hydration of Cement

Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...

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Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Preparation of Aligned Steel Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite and Its Flexural Behavior

Preparation of Aligned Steel Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite and Its Flexural Behavior

Published on: June 27, 2018

Cement system and surface treatment selection for fiber post luting.

Francesca Monticelli¹, Marco Ferrari, Manuel Toledano

¹Plaza de Universidad no 2, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, University of Zaragoza, 22002 Huesca, Spain. fmontice@unizar.es

Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia Bucal

|February 29, 2008

Summary

This review highlights that surface treatments improve fiber post bonding to dentin. The total-etch technique with dual-curing systems is the most predictable method for luting fiber posts.

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Preparation of Aligned Steel Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite and Its Flexural Behavior

Preparation of Aligned Steel Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite and Its Flexural Behavior

Published on: June 27, 2018

Area of Science:

Dental Materials Science
Restorative Dentistry
Biomaterials

Background:

Fiber posts are widely used in endodontically treated teeth.
Ensuring a strong bond between fiber posts and radicular dentin is crucial for long-term restoration success.
Various luting agents and surface treatments have been developed to enhance this bond.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and summarize recent research on fiber post luting materials and techniques.
To evaluate the bonding efficacy of different adhesive systems and luting agents to radicular dentin.
To assess the impact of fiber post surface treatments on bond strength.

Main Methods:

Literature review of full-text, peer-reviewed articles from PubMed-listed journals.
Analysis of in vitro studies investigating combinations of adhesive systems and luting agents.
Categorization of cements into conventional resinous and self-adhesive types.
Evaluation of chemical and micro-mechanical post surface treatments.

Main Results:

Conventional resinous cements and self-adhesive cements were compared.
Self-adhesive cements showed low bond strength and limited long-term clinical data.
The total-etch technique with dual-curing systems demonstrated predictable luting outcomes.
Surface conditioning of fiber posts significantly improved bonding properties and bond strength.

Conclusions:

The total-etch technique using dual-curing adhesive systems and cements is the most predictable method for luting fiber posts.
Surface treatments enhance fiber post adhesion, yielding satisfactory bond strength in vitro.
Further long-term clinical studies are necessary to establish general recommendations for fiber post luting.